Abstract: One feature pertains to methods for generating cryptographic values associated with substitution boxes (S-box). The methods includes first obtaining an input value and a first value. One method includes generating an S-box output value by performing an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the input value and the first value to generate an intermediate value, and performing a bitwise rotation on the intermediate value by a number of bits equal to the Hamming Weight of the intermediate value. In one aspect, the output of this bitwise rotation is further XOR-ed with a second value. Another method includes generating the S-box output value by performing a bitwise rotation on the input value by a number of bits equal to the Hamming Weight of the input value to generate an intermediate value, and performing an XOR operation on the intermediate value and the first value.

Abstract: Various operations may be performed based on a distance-related function associated with two or more devices. For example, an association procedure for two or more devices may be based on one or more determined distances. Similarly, presence management may be based on one or more determined distances. A distance-related function may take various form including, for example, a distance between devices, two or more distances between devices, a rate of change in a relative distance between devices, relative acceleration between devices, or some combination of two or more of the these distance-related functions.

Abstract: A system is provided for inside-to-outside or outside-to-inside cryptographic coding that facilitates product authentication along a distribution channel. An association of authenticated, secured codes is generated between inner items (e.g., pharmaceutical doses such as pills, capsules, tablets) and outer items (e.g., packaging containing inner items). For instance, an inner code associated with a first item is used to generate (at least partially) an outer code associated with a second item that contains one or more first items. This process may be repeated multiple times with codes for outer items being a function of codes for inner items. The sequence of items may be authenticated by the dependent relationship between their codes.

Abstract: Mobile commerce authentication and authorization systems enable currently existing point-of-sale devices that are neither structurally nor systemically altered to conduct financial transactions with a customer using an access terminal across a wireless communications system. The point-of-sale devices receive an input from a payment instrument replacement, which identifies the transaction to the point-of-sale device as a transaction including an access terminal. Authentication of the user of the access terminal is achieved at least by application of position and/or location determinable features of the access terminal, the position and/or location of a point-of-sale device of a vendor or merchant where the customer seeks to purchase goods or services, and the payment sum entered on the point-of-sale device. A payment matching server may assist in processing the location data and the payment sum amount across communications network.

Abstract: Various operations may be performed based on a distance-related function associated with two or more devices. For example, an association procedure for two or more devices may be based on one or more determined distances. Similarly, presence management may be based on one or more determined distances. A distance-related function may take various form including, for example, a distance between devices, two or more distances between devices, a rate of change in a relative distance between devices, relative acceleration between devices, or some combination of two or more of the these distance-related functions.

Abstract: Various operations may be performed based on a distance-related function associated with two or more devices. For example, an association procedure for two or more devices may be based on one or more determined distances. Similarly, presence management may be based on one or more determined distances. A distance-related function may take various form including, for example, a distance between devices, two or more distances between devices, a rate of change in a relative distance between devices, relative acceleration between devices, or some combination of two or more of the these distance-related functions.

Abstract: A block cipher is provided that secures data by encrypting it based on the memory address where it is to be stored. When encrypting data for storage in the memory address, the memory address is encrypted in a first plurality of block cipher rounds. Data round keys are generated using information from the first plurality of block cipher rounds. Data to be stored is combined with the encrypted memory address and encrypted in a second plurality of block cipher rounds using the data round keys. The encrypted data is then stored in the memory location. When decrypting data, the memory address is again encrypted as before while the encrypted stored data is decrypted in a second plurality of the block cipher rounds using the data round keys to obtain a partially decrypted data. The partially decrypted data is combined with the encrypted memory address to obtain fully decrypted data.

Abstract: Various operations may be performed based on a distance-related function associated with two or more devices. For example, an association procedure for two or more devices may be based on one or more determined distances. Similarly, presence management may be based on one or more determined distances. A distance-related function may take various form including, for example, a distance between devices, two or more distances between devices, a rate of change in a relative distance between devices, relative acceleration between devices, or some combination of two or more of the these distance-related functions.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for generating and processing random numbers are provided. An apparatus comprises a processing system that includes a processor, a random number generator and a pair of buffers. A first buffer receives low-entropy random numbers generated by the random number generator and a second buffer provides high-entropy random numbers directly to a processing system. The processing system may directly access the second buffer in response to an instruction executed by the processing system. The processing system responds to an interrupt based on occupancy levels of the buffers by conditioning low-entropy random numbers read from the first buffer to obtain high-entropy random numbers that are then stored in the second.

Abstract: To inhibit cross-site forgery attacks, different types/classes of cookies are used. A first cookie and a second cookie are generated by a web server and provided to a client browser during a web session. The first cookie defines a first set of use conditions for when the first cookie is to be used within the web session. The second cookie defines a second set of use conditions for when the second cookie is to be used within the web session. The client browser determines which (if any) of the first cookie or second cookie to send to the web server based on the use conditions defined within each cookie and the operation(s) sought by the client browser. The web server may grant different or the same privileges to operation(s) being sought by the client browser depending on whether the first or second cookie is sent by the client browser.

Abstract: A method operational on a receiver device for exchanging and/or generating security keys is provided. A first encrypted master key Km is received at the receiver device from a transmitter device, the first encrypted master key Km secured by a receiver public key Kpub-rx. The first encrypted master key Km may be decrypted with a receiver private key Kpri-rx to obtain the master key Km. The master key Km may be encrypted using a block cipher that applies a receiver secret key Kh to obtain a second encrypted master key.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus, system, and method to utilize a plurality of road markers to aid a vehicle in merging into a lane. The lane that the merging vehicle desires to merge into is determined. Further, the position of the merging vehicle is determined. Target vehicles are then notified about the merging vehicle utilizing the plurality of road markers.

Abstract: Various operations may be performed based on a distance-related function associated with two or more devices. For example, an association procedure for two or more devices may be based on one or more determined distances. Similarly, presence management may be based on one or more determined distances. A distance-related function may take various form including, for example, a distance between devices, two or more distances between devices, a rate of change in a relative distance between devices, relative acceleration between devices, or some combination of two or more of the these distance-related functions.

Abstract: An example method of asset tracking includes receiving, from each of one or more positioning devices, a corresponding position identification (ID) value, determining a tier value associated with each received position ID value, determining asset position information based on each received position ID value and each determined tier value, and transmitting the determined asset position information to a receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for virtual pairing of a first peer device with a second peer device. In the method, a nonce is generated at the first peer device for use in virtually pairing the first and second peer devices to establish a first-type wireless connection. The nonce is forwarded from the first peer device to the second peer device over an already established second-type wireless connection between the first and second peer devices. At least one new key is generated from the nonce and a shared key for the already established second-type wireless connection. The first peer device is virtually paired with the second peer device using the at least one new key to establish the first-type wireless connection between the first and second peer devices.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and devices are described for converting non-stereo cameras into a stereo camera. At least one optical element may be used to temporarily change an effective position and an effective orientation of a first non-stereo camera. The changed effective position may be displaced from an effective position of a second non-stereo camera by a predetermined distance, and the changed effective orientation may provide the first non-stereo camera with a field of view that overlaps a field of view of the second non-stereo camera. The at least one optical element may be used to capture a first image with the first non-stereo camera. A second image may be captured with the second non-stereo camera. The second image may have a frame of reference displaced from a frame of reference of the first image by the predetermined distance.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for secure transmissions. Each user is provided a registration key. A long-time updated broadcast key is encrypted using the registration key and provided periodically to a user. A short-time updated key is encrypted using the broadcast key. The short-time key is available with each broadcast message, wherein sufficient information to calculate the short-time key is provided in an Internet protocol header preceding the broadcast content. Broadcasts are then encrypted using the short-time key, wherein the user decrypts the broadcast message using the short-time key.

Abstract: Various operations may be performed based on a distance-related function associated with two or more devices. For example, an association procedure for two or more devices may be based on one or more determined distances. Similarly, presence management may be based on one or more determined distances. A distance-related function may take various form including, for example, a distance between devices, two or more distances between devices, a rate of change in a relative distance between devices, relative acceleration between devices, or some combination of two or more of the these distance-related functions.

Abstract: Various operations may be performed based on a distance-related function associated with two or more devices. For example, an association procedure for two or more devices may be based on one or more determined distances. Similarly, presence management may be based on one or more determined distances. A distance-related function may take various form including, for example, a distance between devices, two or more distances between devices, a rate of change in a relative distance between devices, relative acceleration between devices, or some combination of two or more of the these distance-related functions.

Abstract: A method of obtaining information for locating an asset includes: listening, at an asset tag, for a first listen duration for landmark messages; receiving, at the asset tag during the first listen duration, at least one landmark message from each of one or more landmark tags; selecting a synched landmark tag from the one or more landmark tags; abstaining from listening, at the asset tag, for landmark messages until approximately a subsequent transmission time of a synched landmark message corresponding to the synched landmark tag; and waking up at approximately the subsequent transmission time of the synched landmark message to listen, at the asset tag, for landmark messages for a second listen duration such that the asset tag listens for the landmark messages during the subsequent transmission time; wherein the first listen duration is longer than the second listen duration.