Abstract: Lubricated surfaces and lubricant compositions for lubricating a surface. The lubricated surface is provided by a lubricant composition including a base oil of lubricating viscosity, at least one metal salt of phosphorothioic acid, and an ashless, sulfur-free organophosphorus compound providing a metal to phosphorus weight ratio ranging from about 0.25:1 to about 1.0:1 by weight. The lubricant composition is substantially devoid of molybdenum.

Abstract: Different zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDPs) exhibit different volatilities and have different effects on automotive emissions control catalysts. The ZDDPs and their respective decomposition fragments that have low volatility will have a correspondingly lower detrimental effect on combustion emissions control systems, because there are simply fewer phosphorous atoms that will pass through the combustion system to reach the emissions control system. Specifically, it has been discovered that ZDDPs that contain a significant fraction of MIBC ZDDP exhibit significantly lower volatility than other ZDDPs.

Abstract: Lubricant formulations and methods for producing lubricant formulations are described that provide improved wear protection in engines operated using ethanol-based fuels. The improved wear protection may be provided by an increased amount of overbased calcium detergent present in the formulation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an additive composition comprising (a) at least one ash-containing phosphorus compound prepared by a primary or secondary alcohol or mixtures thereof, and (b) a salt of at least one hydrocarbylamine and at least one hydrocarbyl acid phosphate. Further, the present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising (a) at least one ash-containing phosphorus compound prepared by a primary or secondary alcohol or mixtures thereof, and (b) a salt of at least one hydrocarbylamine and at least one hydrocarbyl acid phosphate, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: A lubricant composition comprising a base oil comprising less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins is disclosed. Methods of making and using the lubricant composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and compositions for lubricating surfaces with lubricating oils exhibiting increased phosphorous retention. The lubricated surface includes a lubricant composition containing a base oil of lubricating viscosity, an amount of a phosphorus-containing compound and an amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble titanium compound that is effective to provide an aged catalyst temperature that converts at least fifty percent of exhaust gas hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NOx that is lower than an aged catalyst temperature that converts at least fifty percent of exhaust gas hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NOx of the lubricant composition devoid of the hydrocarbon soluble titanium compound.

Abstract: A method and compositions for lubricating surfaces with lubricating oils exhibiting increased phosphorous retention. The lubricated surface includes a lubricant composition containing a base oil of lubricating viscosity, an amount of a phosphorus-containing compound and an amount of at least one hydrocarbon soluble titanium compound effective to provide an increase in phosphorus retention of the lubricant composition greater than an increase in phosphorus retention of the lubricant composition devoid of the hydrocarbon soluble titanium compound.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lubricant composition comprising a base oil, wherein the ratio of isoparaffins to normal paraffins in the base oil ranges from about 30 to about 400.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for reducing corrosion and improving durability in engines combusting a fuel containing ethanol and a corrosion inhibitor. The present disclosure also provides compositions and methods for reducing corrosion and improving durability in engines combusting a fuel containing ethanol, a corrosion inhibitor, and a dispersant.

Abstract: A safe, metal-containing combustion additive and a method of formulation is directed for use in connection with utility and industrial furnaces. The additive includes a metal-containing catalyst, a ligand for complexing with the catalyst and a solvent for carrying the catalyst/ligand complex. The vapor pressure of the additive is less than about 200×10?5 Torr at 100° F.

Abstract: A fully formulated lubricating oil, lubricated surface, and lubricant additive concentrates for lubricants providing reduced sludge formation. The fully formulated lubricating oil composition has therein at least one succinimide dispersant, a metal containing detergent, at least one antioxidant, and a hydrocarbon soluble titanium compound. The lubricating oil has improved sludge reducing properties compared to the same lubricating oil composition devoid of the titanium compound.

Abstract: A lubricant composition for improved phosphorus retention of a used oil and a method for decreasing catalyst deactivation in a catalytic system for an engine exhaust. The lubricant composition is provided by a base oil and an additive composition that contains a phosphorus-containing additive mixture. The phosphorus-containing additive mixture includes an ash-containing phosphorus compound and an ash-free phosphorus compound. A phosphorus retention value provided by the lubricant composition is greater than about 85 percent after oil aging based on an amount of phosphorus initially present in the lubricant composition.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to particular formulations and methods that provide reduced exhaust catalyst deactivation and/or reduced oil consumption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for delivering manganese from a lubricant source into a fuel combustion system or to the exhaust therefrom. By the present invention, manganese from the lubricant will interact with phosphorus, sulfur, and/or lead from the combustion products. In this manner, the manganese scavenges or inactivates harmful materials which have migrated into the fuel or combustion products, and which can otherwise poison catalytic converters, sensors and/or automotive on-board diagnostic devices. The present invention can also lead to improved durability of exhaust after treatment systems.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the operation of diesel fuel combustion systems in a combustion system includes supplying a fuel and additive that includes a manganese compound to a diesel fuel combustion system. The fuel is then combusted in the combustion chamber to produce at least one byproduct including the manganese compound. The manganese compound is supplied in an amount effective to complex with the combustion byproduct. The diesel fuel combustion system operation is enhanced by improving the attributes of lubricating oil loaded with the combustion byproduct soot particles.

Abstract: A lubricant composition comprising a phosphorus-containing compound and a base oil comprising less than about 3% by weight of tetracycloparaffins is disclosed. Methods of making and using the lubricant composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: An emissions control system for the after treatment of a fuel combustion process exhaust stream includes an exhaust passageway. The exhaust passageway allows for passage of an exhaust stream containing exhaust byproducts from the combustion of a fuel that includes a manganese compound. The exhaust stream includes a manganese compound which complexes with at least one of the exhaust byproducts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for delivering manganese from a lubricant source into a fuel combustion system or to the exhaust therefrom. By the present invention, manganese from the lubricant will interact with phosphorus, sulfur, and/or lead from the combustion products. In this manner, the manganese scavenges or inactivates harmful materials which have migrated into the fuel or combustion products, and which can otherwise poison catalytic converters, sensors and/or automotive on-board diagnostic devices. The present invention can also lead to improved durability of exhaust after treatment systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for delivering molybdenum from a lubricant source into a fuel combustion system or to the exhaust therefrom. By the present invention, molybdenum from the lubricant or the fuel will interact with phosphorus, sulfur, and/or lead from the combustion products. In this manner, the molybdenum scavenges or inactivates harmful materials which have migrated into the fuel or combustion products, and which can otherwise poison catalytic converters, sensors and/or automotive on-board diagnostic devices. The present invention can also lead to improved durability of exhaust after treatment systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for delivering molybdenum from a lubricant source into a fuel combustion system or to the exhaust therefrom. By the present invention, molybdenum from the lubricant or the fuel will interact with phosphorus, sulfur, and/or lead from the combustion products. In this manner, the molybdenum scavenges or inactivates harmful materials which have migrated into the fuel or combustion products, and which can otherwise poison catalytic converters, sensors and/or automotive on-board diagnostic devices. The present invention can also lead to improved durability of exhaust after treatment systems.