Abstract: A method of identifying molecules of biological origin is disclosed. The molecules are identified and the basis of the accurately determined mass to charge ratio of the molecules and at least a further physico-chemical property such as elution time or charge state. Further physico-chemical properties may be used. The experimentally determined accurate mass and physico-chemical properties can then be compared with a look-up table of information. The look-up table may generated or physico-chemical properties of data in a conventional database may be calculated. The ability to recognize and preferably identify the same molecules in two different samples may be used to determine whether a particular biological molecules has been expressed differently in an experimental sample relative to a control sample.

Abstract: The present invention describes a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family member newly identified as being modified, e.g., phosphorylated, and associated with tyrosine phosphorylated activation complexes, following exposure of cells to smoke from tobacco burning substances, namely, cigarette smoke. This GPCR protein is RAI-3, which was first found to be phosphorylated in cells treated with cigarette smoke and to be associated with other proteins activated in cigarette smoke treated cells by virtue of the present invention. Because cigarette smoke is considered to be a major causative factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and disorders and conditions related thereto, the RAI-3 protein is newly provided as a cellular drug target for screening, discovering, and identifying modulators for the treatment and/or prevention of COPD and its related disorders and conditions, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In accordance with the present invention RAI-3 modulators, e.g.

Abstract: A method of identifying molecules of biological origin is disclosed. The molecules are identified and the basis of the accurately determined mass to charge ratio of the molecules and at least a further physico-chemical property such as elution time or charge state. Further physico-chemical properties may be used. The experimentally determined accurate mass and physico-chemical properties can then be compared with a look-up table of information. The look-up table may generated or physico-chemical properties of data in a conventional database may be calculated. The ability to recognise and preferably identify the same molecules in two different samples may be used to determine whether a particular biological molecules has been expressed differently in an experimental sample relative to a control sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biomarker polypeptides, polynucleotides, and antibodies that have utility in predicting in vitro and/or in vivo hepatotoxicity of various drugs, compounds, or other therapeutic agents (i.e., test substances). Also related are screens, kits, microarrays, and cell culture systems that employ the polypeptides, polynucleotides, and/or antibodies of the invention. The reagents and methods of the invention are useful for predicting hepatotoxic effects resulting from treatment with one or more test substances, and can be utilized before, after, or concurrently with pre-clinical, clinical, and/or post-clinical testing. In this way, the reagents and methods of the invention can be used to identify test substances or combinations of test substances that cause hepatic injury, including idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, and thereby prevent medical complications (e.g., liver failure) resulting from such injury.

Abstract: A method of identifying molecules of biological origin is disclosed. The molecules are identified and the basis of the accurately determined mass to charge ratio of the molecules and at least a further physico-chemical property such as elution time or charge state. Further physico-chemical properties may be used. The experimentally determined accurate mass and physico-chemical properties can then be compared with a look-up table of information. The look-up table may generated or physico-chemical properties of data in a conventional database may be calculated. The ability to recognise and preferably identify the same molecules in two different samples may be used to determine whether a particular biological molecules has been expressed differently in an experimental sample relative to a control sample.

Abstract: A method of identifying molecules of biological origin is disclosed. The molecules are identified and the basis of the accurately determined mass to charge ratio of the molecules and at least a further physico-chemical property such as elution time or charge state. Further physico-chemical properties may be used. The experimentally determined accurate mass and physico-chemical properties can then be compared with a look-up table of information. The look-up table may generated or physico-chemical properties of data in a conventional database may be calculated. The ability to recognise and preferably identify the same molecules in two different samples may be used to determine whether a particular biological molecules has been expressed differently in an experimental sample relative to a control sample.

Abstract: The present invention describes a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family member newly identified as being modified, e.g., phosphorylated, and associated with tyrosine phosphorylated activation complexes, following exposure of cells to smoke from tobacco burning substances, namely, cigarette smoke. This GPCR protein is RAI-3, which was first found to be phosphorylated in cells treated with cigarette smoke and to be associated with other proteins activated in cigarette smoke treated cells by virtue of the present invention. Because cigarette smoke is considered to be a major causative factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and disorders and conditions related thereto, the RAI-3 protein is newly provided as a cellular drug target for screening, discovering, and identifying modulators for the treatment and/or prevention of COPD and its related disorders and conditions, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In accordance with the present invention RAI-3 modulators, e.g.

Abstract: A method of identifying molecules of biological origin is disclosed. The molecules are identified and the basis of the accurately determined mass to charge ratio of the molecules and at least a further physico-chemical property such as elution time or charge state. Further physico-chemical properties may be used. The experimentally determined accurate mass and physico-chemical properties can then be compared with a look-up table of information. The look-up table may generated or physico-chemical properties of data in a conventional database may be calculated. The ability to recognise and preferably identify the same molecules in two different samples may be used to determine whether a particular biological molecules has been expressed differently in an experimental sample relative to a control sample.

Abstract: Systems, methods, computer programming product, and databases for virtual mass spectrometry (VMS) enable the identification of polypeptides in samples without acquisition of MS/MS fragmentation spectra. Methods according to the invention employ databases containing records corresponding to polypeptides potentially present in samples. In addition to identifying polypeptides, such databases may be used for other purposes, including for example to correct experimental data, e.g., for analytical systemic errors.

Abstract: A method of identifying molecules of biological origin is disclosed. The molecules are identified and the basis of the accurately determined mass to charge ratio of the molecules and at least a further physico-chemical property such as elution time or charge state. Further physico-chemical properties may be used. The experimentally determined accurate mass and physico-chemical properties can then be compared with a look-up table of information. The look-up table may generated or physico-chemical properties of data in a conventional database may be calculated. The ability to recognise and preferably identify the same molecules in two different samples may be used to determine whether a particular biological molecules has been expressed differently in an experimental sample relative to a control sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biomarker polypeptides, polynucleotides, and antibodies that have utility in predicting in vitro and/or in vivo hepatotoxicity of various drugs, compounds, or other therapeutic agents (i.e., test substances). Also related are screens, kits, microarrays, and cell culture systems that employ the polypeptides, polynucleotides, and/or antibodies of the invention. The reagents and methods of the invention are useful for predicting hepatotoxic effects resulting from treatment with one or more test substances, and can be utilized before, after, or concurrently with pre-clinical, clinical, and/or post-clinical testing. In this way, the reagents and methods of the invention can be used to identify test substances or combinations of test substances that cause hepatic injury, including idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, and thereby prevent medical complications (e.g., liver failure) resulting from such injury.

Abstract: The present invention describes a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family member newly identified as being modified, e.g., phosphorylated, and associated with tyrosine phosphorylated activation complexes, following exposure of cells to smoke from tobacco burning substances, namely, cigarette smoke. This GPCR protein is RAI-3, which was first found to be phosphorylated in cells treated with cigarette smoke and to be associated with other proteins activated in cigarette smoke treated cells by virtue of the present invention. Because cigarette smoke is considered to be a major causative factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and disorders and conditions related thereto, the RAI-3 protein is newly provided as a cellular drug target for screening, discovering, and identifying modulators for the treatment and/or prevention of COPD and its related disorders and conditions, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In accordance with the present invention RAI-3 modulators, e.g.