Abstract: A method is provided for the punching of a bridge break and thereafter sealing the bridge break during the injection molding process of the lead frame. The bridge breaking tool is placed over the bridge that is to be broken. The collar presses down on the circuit and the punch presses down on the bridge with enough force to form the bridge break. Once the bridge break is formed the punch is retracted from the cavity of the template and molten polymer is injected to flow around the ends of the bridge break. The bridge breaking tool's hold down collars and retracted punch form a molding area for molten polymer to flow over the bridge break and the exposed circuit area. The bridge breaking tool is retracted after the bridge break is encased in the cured molten polymer and the cured molten polymer forms a lead frame structure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing a region of vapor super-saturation and particle growth in a laminar flow by surrounding the particle flow with a saturated or super-saturated sheath flow from which vapor diffuses into the aerosol flow. This method is applicable when the mass diffusivity of the condensing vapor is greater than the thermal diffusivity of the carrier gas, such as is the case when water vapor diffuses into air.

Abstract: A system and method for reading and writing in a multilevel optical data system is disclosed. The system provides control signals for timing acquisition, level calibration, DC control, AGC, equalizer training and data synchronization. The user data is ECC protected and optionally convolutionally encoded before being combined with the control signals in an information block. The multilevel information block can be written to an optical disc as a series of multilevel marks. The optical disc may also contain an Address in Pregroove signal (AIP) to facilitate synchronization during writing of an information block. The AIP signal has an integer number of address frames per information block.

Abstract: Creation and detection of synchronization marks for a multilevel data storage medium is disclosed. A sequence of symbols is generated and the sequence of symbols is written to the multilevel data storage medium. A corresponding sequence may be generated by a detector and correlated with read data to detect the synchronization mark.

Abstract: A system and method for reading and writing in a multilevel optical data system is disclosed. The system provides control signals for timing acquisition, level calibration, DC control, AGC, equalizer training and data synchronization. The user data is ECC protected and optionally convolutionally encoded before being combined with the control signals in an information block. The multilevel information block can be written to an optical disc as a series of multilevel marks. The optical disc may also contain an Address in Pregroove signal (AIP) to facilitate synchronization during writing of an information block. The AIP signal has an integer number of address frames per information block.

Abstract: Creation and detection of synchronization marks for a multilevel data storage medium is disclosed. A sequence of symbols is generated and the sequence of symbols is written to the multilevel data storage medium. A corresponding sequence may be generated by a detector and correlated with read data to detect the synchronization mark.

Abstract: A system and method for reading and writing in a multilevel optical data system is disclosed. The system provides control signals for timing acquisition, level calibration, DC control, AGC, equalizer training and data synchronization. The user data is ECC protected and optionally convolutionally encoded before being combined with the control signals in an information block. The multilevel information block can be written to an optical disc as a series of multilevel marks. The optical disc may also contain an Address in Pregroove signal (AIP) to facilitate synchronization during writing of an information block. The AIP signal has an integer number of address frames per information block.

Abstract: The breech plug with primer pocket of the present invention converts a black powder propellant muzzle-loading gun to a smokeless powder propellant muzzle-loading gun by providing a close fitting primer pocket wall, a flush fitting extractor that also supports the primer's sides, and a primer pocket seat that is cut at an angle of 25 degrees from the perpendicular of the primer pocket wall to conform to the front face of the primer, such that when the primer is seated against the primer pocket seat, a gas seal is formed. A gas seal is also formed at the primer's side walls.