Abstract: A method for CMP includes following operations. A metal stack is received. The metal layer stack includes at least a first metal layer and a second metal layer, and a top surface of the first metal layer and a top surface of the second metal layer are exposed. A protecting layer is formed over the second metal layer. A portion of the first metal layer is etched. The protecting layer protects the second metal layer during the etching of the portion of the first metal layer. A top surface of the etched first metal layer is lower than a top surface of the protecting layer. The protecting layer is removed from the second metal layer.

Abstract: A present invention embodiment requests resources for a set of tasks from different resource providers. The set of tasks includes first tasks and second tasks of longer duration than the first tasks. The resources are revocable by the different resource providers based on processing demand. Performance of the first tasks is initiated on the resources, and stable resources are identified based on revocation of the resources during performance of the first tasks. Performance of the second tasks are initiated on the identified stable resources. Requests for the resources to the different resource providers are adjusted based on resource provider information collected in response to completion of the set of tasks.

Abstract: An intelligent oil extraction system using an all-metal screw pump includes: the all-metal screw pump, an oil collecting unit (43), and a steam generating unit (45); wherein an internal threaded curve surface and an external threaded curve surface of the all-metal screw pump are both tapered spiral structures with equal tapers; the oil extraction system comprises a lifting mechanism and monitoring and control mechanism; the monitoring and control mechanism comprises: a controller (34), a torque sensor (35), a flow sensor (36), a pressure sensor (39), a liquid level detector (38), and a backup power source (37); the controller (34) is electrically connected to the torque sensor (35), the flow sensor (36), the pressure sensor (39), the liquid level detector (38), the backup power source (37), a drive motor (48), a servo motor (33), a first valve and a second valve.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for selective monitoring of multiple silicon compounds in etchant solutions are provided. Methods can include reacting a test solution comprising a plurality of different silicon compounds with a fluoride-based compound in several conditions to provide different silicon:reagent binding ratios. One of the conditions can include the addition of a co-solvent to the test solution. Concentrations of the multiple silicon compounds can be determined based on the different binding ratios of silicon:reagent. Methods can further include a measuring method such as silicon elemental analysis or measuring of functional groups of a certain silicon form of a first portion of a test solution comprising a plurality of different silicon compounds and reacting a second portion of the solution with a fluoride-based compound to provide a silicon:reagent binding ratio. Concentrations of the multiple silicon compounds can be determined based on the measuring method and binding ratio measurements.

Abstract: Provided are a crystal form I of a curcumin derivative (C66), a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. An X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystal form I contains following characteristic peaks for 2? reflection angle determination: 8.4±0.2°, 11.5±0.2°, 13.1±0.1°, 16.6±0.2°, 18.8±0.1°, and 21.2±0.1°. No sharp diffraction peak exists at 33.5±0.2° and 38.1±0.2°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations for administration to a joint fat pad of a subject, and to methods of treating joint pain, inflammation or disease. The disclosed formulations are intended for local administration to the joint fat pad to provide sustained release of a therapeutic agent to the joint cavity and surrounding tissues. The joint may be an arthritic joint, an injured joint or a surgically replaced joint. The therapeutic agent may be an analgesic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent or an immunosuppressive agent. A single administration of the formulation to the joint fat pad delivers a therapeutically effective amount of the therapeutic agent with reduced systemic exposure relative to a single systemic or a single intra-articular administration of a therapeutic dose of an identical therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Methods for alleviating osteoarthritis-associated symptoms by selecting a treatment-eligible patient and local administration of a clostridial derivative, such as a botulinum toxin, to an osteoarthritis-affected site are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for selective monitoring of multiple silicon compounds in etchant solutions are provided. Methods can include reacting a test solution comprising a plurality of different silicon compounds with a fluoride-based compound in several conditions to provide different silicon:reagent binding ratios. One of the conditions can include the addition of a co-solvent to the test solution. Concentrations of the multiple silicon compounds can be determined based on the different binding ratios of silicon:reagent. Methods can further include a measuring method such as silicon elemental analysis or measuring of functional groups of a certain silicon form of a first portion of a test solution comprising a plurality of different silicon compounds and reacting a second portion of the solution with a fluoride-based compound to provide a silicon:reagent binding ratio. Concentrations of the multiple silicon compounds can be determined based on the measuring method and binding ratio measurements.

Abstract: Methods for alleviating osteoarthritis-associated symptoms by selecting a treatment-eligible patient and local administration of a clostridial derivative, such as a botulinum toxin, to an osteoarthritis-affected site are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A motion sensor has an infrared detector with a first set of detector elements coupled to a first channel and a second set of detector elements coupled to a second channel. A first optical subsystem directs infrared radiation from a first number of monitored volumes to the infrared detector and a second optical subsystem directs infrared radiation from a second number of monitored volumes to the infrared detector. Intrusion detection circuitry is coupled to both channels of the infrared detector and selects a set of peaks in the first channel and the second channel. It then calculates an alternation score based on a number of alternating peaks in the set of peaks, and indicates an intrusion detection based, at least in part, on the alternation score. The circuitry also determines a peak-to-peak period for the first channel and calculates a slope-synchrony measurement to modify the alternation score.

Abstract: Methods for modifying progression of osteoarthritis by local administration of a clostridial derivative, such as a botulinum toxin, to an arthritis-affected site are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A motion sensor has an infrared detector with a first set of detector elements coupled to a first channel and a second set of detector elements coupled to a second channel. A first optical subsystem directs infrared radiation from a first number of monitored volumes to the infrared detector and a second optical subsystem directs infrared radiation from a second number of monitored volumes to the infrared detector. Intrusion detection circuitry is coupled to both channels of the infrared detector and selects a set of peaks in the first channel and the second channel. It then calculates an alternation score based on a number of alternating peaks in the set of peaks, and indicates an intrusion detection based, at least in part, on the alternation score. The circuitry also determines a peak-to-peak period for the first channel and calculates a slope-synchrony measurement to modify the alternation score.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations for administration to a joint fat pad of a subject, and to methods of treating joint pain, inflammation or disease. The disclosed formulations are intended for local administration to the joint fat pad to provide sustained release of a therapeutic agent to the joint cavity and surrounding tissues. The joint may be an arthritic joint, an injured joint or a surgically replaced joint. The therapeutic agent may be an analgesic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent or an immunosuppressive agent. A single administration of the formulation to the joint fat pad delivers a therapeutically effective amount of the therapeutic agent with reduced systemic exposure relative to a single systemic or a single intra-articular administration of a therapeutic dose of an identical therapeutic agent.

Abstract: This invention publicizes a chronic renal disease diagnostic kit, comprised of FGF23 monoclonal antibody, biotin labeling reagent Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin, PBS buffer solution (pH7.0, 0.1M), casein saline solution, streptomycin avidin and substrate TMB. The labeling condition is the weight ratio of FGF23 antibody and Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin, which is 1:5-1:12. The dilution ratio of streptomycin avidin is 1:3000. The lowest testing threshold limit value of FGF23 kit is 10 pg/ml, whose sensitivity is 10 times higher than that of common monoclonal antibody, which is very significant for early diagnose of chronic renal disease.

Abstract: A combination of a prostaglandin EP4 agonist and an effective amount of: a prostaglandin EP2 agonist, a skin growth factor, a small peptide, a small inhibitory RNA targeting excess chronic inflammation or fibrosis, a cytokine with beneficial anti-inflammatory activity, an adenosine A2a receptor agonist, an anti-oxidant, or a combination thereof, may be used to treat skin wounds or scars.

Abstract: A USB cable (100), comprising: a power wire (1) transferring positive power, a pair of signal wires (2), a metallic braided layer (6) enclosing on the power wire and the signal wires, and an insulative outer jacket (7) surrounding the metallic braided layer. The power wire comprises a metallic inner conductor and an insulative layer surrounding the inner conductor, a mylar film (11) is surrounding on the power wire, and the mylar film is made of Heat Seal PET.

Abstract: Methods for alleviating osteoarthritis-associated symptoms by selecting a treatment-eligible patient and local administration of a clostridial derivative, such as a botulinum toxin, to an osteoarthritis-affected site are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Silicon ions in an alkaline etchant solution are analyzed by acidifying a sample of the etchant solution, adding fluoride ions in excess of the concentration required to react with all of the silicon ions, and using a fluoride ion specific electrode (FISE) to detect free fluoride ions in the resulting test solution. Good sensitivity and precision are provided by using a relatively acidic test solution and only a slight excess of fluoride ions, and limiting the analysis range to the maximum expected silicon concentration in the etchant solution.

Abstract: The specification discloses compositions and methods for treating a soft tissue defect of an individual.

Abstract: Methods for modifying progression of osteoarthritis by local administration of a clostridial derivative, such as a botulinum toxin, to an arthritis-affected site are disclosed herein.