Abstract: A server system obtains, for machines in a distributed system, system risk information, such as information identifying open sessions between respective users and respective machines, information identifying vulnerabilities in respective machines; and administrative rights information identifying groups of users having administrative rights to respective machines. The server system determines security risk factors, including risk factors related to lateral movement between logically coupled machines, and generates machine risk assessment values for at least a subset of the machines, based on a weighted combination of the risk factors. A user interface that includes a list of machines, sorted in accordance with the machine risk assessment values is presented to a user.

Abstract: In a method for determining the exhaust-gas recirculation quantity for an internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas recirculation, a basic quantity of a gas mixture inducted into the engine combustion chamber(s) is determined in advance, as well as a basic pressure and/or a basic temperature of the gas mixture for at least one predefinable basic state of the combustion engine at deactivated exhaust-gas recirculation is ascertained. With the engine running, pressure and/or temperature of the inducted gas mixture are/is then determined for the current engine state at activated exhaust-gas recirculation. The currently inducted gas-mixture quantity as the basic quantity is then corrected by at least the ratio of current pressure to basic pressure of the gas mixture and/or the ratio of basic temperature to current temperature of the gas mixture.

Abstract: In a method for determination of a change in volumetric efficiency for an internal combustion engine, a reference volumetric efficiency is determined in advance. A first actual volumetric efficiency value which corresponds to a sensor error, is then determined at a first measurement point in a first rotational speed range in which a change in the flow losses in an intake tract has only a minor effect on the volumetric efficiency. A second actual volumetric efficiency value is determined at a second measurement point in a second rotational speed range that is greater than the first rotational speed range. The second actual volumetric efficiency value is corrected by means of the first actual volumetric efficiency value, and the change in volumetric efficiency is determined from the reference volumetric efficiency and the corrected second actual volumetric efficiency.

Abstract: In a method of determining the quantity of exhaust gas recirculation for an internal combustion engine having exhaust gas recirculation, the exhaust gas recirculation quantity (rAGR, mAGR) is determined from an exhaust gas temperature (Texhaust), a fresh gas temperature (Tair2), a fresh gas quantity (mair) and/or a volumetric efficiency (?). The fresh gas temperature (Tair2) is determined by a fresh gas temperature model (15) which is adaptively adjusted in response to influencing parameters relevant to the fresh gas temperature.

Abstract: In a method of determining the quantity of exhaust gas recirculation for an internal combustion engine having exhaust gas recirculation, the exhaust gas recirculation quantity (rAGR, mAGR) is determined from an exhaust gas temperature (Texhaust), a fresh gas temperature (Tair2), a fresh gas quantity (mair) and/or a volumetric efficiency (?). The fresh gas temperature (Tair2) is determined by a fresh gas temperature model (15) which is adaptively adjusted in response to influencing parameters relevant to the fresh gas temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for determination of a change in volumetric efficiency for an internal combustion engine, whereby a reference volumetric efficiency is determined in advance, a first prevailing volumetric efficiency which corresponds to a sensor error is determined at a first measurement point (M1, L1) in a first rotational speed range in which a change in the flow losses in an intake tract has only a minor effect on the volumetric efficiency, a second prevailing volumetric efficiency at a second measurement point (M2, L2) in a second rotational speed range is determined, this rotational speed range being above the first rotational speed range in terms of rotational speed, the second prevailing volumetric efficiency is corrected by means of the first prevailing volumetric efficiency and the change in volumetric efficiency is determined from the reference volumetric efficiency and the corrected second prevailing volumetric efficiency.

Abstract: In a method for determining the exhaust-gas recirculation quantity for an internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas recirculation, a basic quantity of a gas mixture inducted into the engine combustion chamber(s) is determined in advance, as well as a basic pressure and/or a basic temperature of the gas mixture for at least one predefinable basic state of the combustion engine at deactivated exhaust-gas recirculation is ascertained. With the engine running, pressure and/or temperature of the inducted gas mixture are/is then determined for the current engine state at activated exhaust-gas recirculation. The currently inducted gas-mixture quantity as the basic quantity is then corrected by at least the ratio of current pressure to basic pressure of the gas mixture and/or the ratio of basic temperature to current temperature of the gas mixture.