Abstract: A vehicle includes sensors that monitor at least part of the outer shell of the vehicle. The sensors have monitoring sensors for detecting vandalism. The vehicle has a monitoring system using the monitoring sensors and the monitoring system includes monitoring sensor electronics which are set up to operate the monitoring sensors at least also in the parked state of the vehicle. The vehicle includes automatically closing doors and the sensors have operating sensors for detecting the position of passengers as well as an entry system using the operating sensors, which serves to detect the position of passengers, in order to prevent a jamming of passengers during the automatic closing of the doors. At least one sensor is configured both as an operating sensor and a monitoring sensor and is used both by the monitoring system and also by the entry system.

Abstract: A method for state-based maintenance of an access device of a vehicle, in particular of a public transport vehicle, wherein the access device includes a moveable element and an electric drive for moving the moveable element and is attached to the vehicle. The drive is controlled with control signals, wherein actual state signals for describing the state are generated based on a detected state of the access device. The control signals are applied to a physical simulation model for computationally simulating the access device and determining expected target state signals and wherein based on a comparison between the actual state signals and associated target state signals, a maintenance state of the access device is determined. The simulation model is adjusted based on the comparison between the actual state signals and the associated target state signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic circuit for the bidirectional conversion of a high input voltage to a direct-current output voltage with indirect coupling, more specifically such a circuit for use in a power supply system for rail vehicles, that is provided with a primary converter, one single common transformer and a secondary converter. The primary converter includes at least three primary converter sections connected in series, the output lines of which are each connected to a respective one of the transformer primary windings.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic circuit for the bidirectional conversion of a high input voltage to a direct-current output voltage with indirect coupling, more specifically such a circuit for use in a power supply system for rail vehicles, that is provided with a primary converter, one single common transformer and a secondary converter. The primary converter includes at least three primary converter sections connected in series, the output lines of which are each connected to a respective one of the transformer primary windings.

Abstract: In multi-layer thin film circuits, fabricated by alternate formation of conductor layers and insulating layers, there can be integrated thin film resistors which bear directly upon the substrate but nonetheless are not subjected, during manufacture, to the high temperatures of curing of the insulating layers and which then would be damaged. The manufacturing method also allows producing integrated electrical contacting between the thin film resistors and conductors of all of the conductor layers.