Abstract: Examples described herein relate to signal coding. Systems and methods of encoding and decoding a signal, such as a video signal, are described. In one case, a method of encoding a signal uses a hierarchical coding approach, wherein the signal is encoded at a first layer using a first encoding module and at a second layer using a second encoding module. The signal is composed of two or more components. The method includes steps of sending a signal from the second encoding module to the first encoding module to instruct the first encoding module to provide to the second encoding module only a first component of the signal at the first layer.

Abstract: One configuration as discussed herein includes a data processor acting as streaming server for providing streaming media from a repository to a decoder. The data processor retrieves reconstruction data and corresponding stream metadata from a repository, the reconstruction data encoded in accordance with a tiered hierarchy including multiple levels of quality. The data processor transmits selected portions of the reconstruction data to one or more decoder resources. The decoder resources reconstruct renditions of portions of a signal such as images/frames based on the transmitted portions of reconstruction data. During the transmission step, the data processor may vary a level of quality of the reconstruction data retrieved and transmitted to the decoder resource.

Abstract: An encoder (300) configured to receive an input video (302) comprising respective frames, each frame being divided into a plurality of tiles and each tile being divided into a plurality of blocks. The encoder is configured to generate a base encoded stream (310) using a base encoder (306), determine (334) a temporal mode for one or more further encoded enhancement streams (328) generated using an enhancement encoder and generate the one or more further encoded enhancement streams (328) according to the determined temporal mode. The temporal mode is either a first temporal mode that does not apply non-zero values from a temporal buffer or a second temporal mode that does apply non-zero values from the temporal buffer (332). Generating the one or more further encoded enhancement streams comprises applying a transform (348) to each of a series of blocks. The temporal mode is determined for one or more of a frame, tile or block.

Abstract: Certain examples described herein relate to decoding a video stream within a browser. An encoded multi-layer video stream is received in a source buffer. An encoded base stream is extracted from the source buffer and decoded using a markup video element to obtain a decoded base stream. The decoded base stream is rendered in a first markup video display region, wherein the first markup video display region is hidden. An encoded enhancement stream is extracted from the source buffer and decoded to obtain a decoded enhancement stream. The decoded base stream is obtained from the first markup video display region and combined with the decoded enhancement stream to generate a reconstructed video stream, which is rendered in a second markup video display region that is visible within the browser.

Abstract: There is provided a technique for video encoding. The technique comprises downsampling at a downsampler (820), an input video stream at a first resolution (805) to a second resolution (825), the second resolution being lower than the first resolution. The technique uses a set of encoders to encode signals derived from the input video stream at the first spatial resolution and the second spatial resolution. There is also provided a pre-processing stage (830) to pre-process the input video stream at the first resolution (805) prior to the downsampling at downsampler (820). The pre-processing comprises an application of a blurring filter (810) and a sharpening filter (815).

Abstract: A method comprising performing object detection within a set of representations of a hierarchically-structured signal, the set of representations comprising at least a first representation of the signal at a first level of quality and a second representation of the signal at a second, higher level of quality.

Abstract: Measures are provided to encode a signal. An input frame (102) is received and down-sampled to obtain a down-sampled frame (103). The down-sampled frame (103) is passed to an encoding module (104) which encodes the down-sampled frame (103) to generate an encoded frame (105). A decoded frame is obtained from a decoding module (106) which generates the decoded frame by decoding the encoded frame (105). A set of residual data (113) is generated by taking a difference between the decoded frame and the down-sampled frame (103) and is encoded to generate a set of encoded residual data. The encoding comprises transforming the set of residual data into a transformed set of residual data. The set of encoded residual data is output to a decoder to enable the decoder to reconstruct the input frame. Measures are also provided to decode a signal.

Abstract: An enhancement decoder for video signals, comprising an interface to receive a first video stream using a first signal element coding format from a standard decoder, an interface to receive an enhancement data stream and a de-multiplexer to decompose the enhancement data stream into a first set of enhancement data, a second set of enhancement data and a range data. A first decoder video stream derived from the first video stream at a first resolution is enhanced by a first enhancer using the first set of enhancement data. A second decoder video stream derived from an output of the first enhancer is converted by an up-sampler to a second resolution. The second resolution being higher than the first resolution. A third decoder video stream derived from an output of the up-sampler at the second resolution is enhanced by a second enhancer using the second set of enhancement data.

Abstract: A data communication system including a least one encoder and one decoder. The encoder encodes a received input signal into encoded output data. The data communication system includes a data communication network coupled to at least one encoder, wherein the data communication network communicates the encoded output data from the encoder to the decoder. The decoder decodes the encoded output data to generate a rendition of the input signal. The system is characterized in that the data communication network is configured to function according to joint source channel coding (JSCC). Moreover, the encoder and the decoder are configured to employ an hierarchical data structure for representing data to be communicated from the encoder to the decoder.

Abstract: Computer processor hardware receives a first set of adjustment values. The first set of adjustment values specify adjustments to be made to a predicted rendition of a signal generated at a first level of quality to reconstruct a rendition of the signal at the first level of quality. The computer processor hardware processes the first set of adjustment values and derives a second set of adjustment values based on the first set of adjustment values and a rendition of the signal at a second level of quality. The second level of quality is lower than the first level of quality.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of analysing a plurality of video camera feeds, the method comprising: encoding, at a first location, the plurality of video camera feeds using a layer-based encoding, including generating encoded data streams for each of a plurality of layers within the layer-based encoding, wherein different layers in the plurality of layers correspond to different spatial resolutions, higher layers representing higher spatial resolutions; transmitting, to a second location remote from the first location, encoded data streams for one or more lowest layers for the plurality of video camera feeds; decoding, at the second location, the encoded data streams to generate a set of reconstructions of the plurality of video camera feeds at a first spatial resolution; applying one or more video analysis functions to the set of reconstructions to identify one or more video camera feeds for further analysis; sending, to the first location for the identified one or more video camera feeds for f

Abstract: A medical telepresence system comprising: an interface to receive a plurality of data feeds from a live medical procedure, at least one data feed comprising a video signal capturing the live medical procedure; a hierarchical encoder to encode the plurality of data feeds using a first tier-based hierarchical data coding scheme, wherein encoded data from the hierarchical encoder is decodable by a first set of computing devices for viewing, the first set of computing devices being communicatively coupled to the hierarchical encoder using a first network connection; a transcoder to convert from the first tier-based hierarchical data coding scheme to a second tier-based hierarchical data coding scheme, wherein encoded data from the transcoder is receivable by a second set of computing devices for viewing, the second set of computing devices being communicatively coupled to the transcoder using a second network connection, the second network connection being of a lower quality than the first network connection; and

Abstract: An encoder (300) configured to receive an input video (302) comprising respective frames, each frame being divided into a plurality of tiles and each tile being divided into a plurality of blocks. The encoder is configured to generate a base encoded stream (310) using abase encoder (306), determine (334) a temporal mode for one or more further encoded enhancement streams (328) generated using an enhancement encoder and generate the one or more further encoded enhancement streams (328) according to the determined temporal mode. The temporal mode is either a first temporal mode that does not apply non-zero values from a temporal buffer or a second temporal mode that does apply non-zero values from the temporal buffer (332). Generating the one or more further encoded enhancement streams comprises applying a transform (348) to each of a series of blocks. The temporal mode is determined for one or more of a frame, tile or block.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of encoding an input signal, the method comprising: receiving a base encoded signal, the base encoded signal being generated by feeding an encoder with a down-sampled version of an input signal; producing a first residual signal by: decoding the base encoded signal to produce a first decoded signal; and using a difference between the base decoded signal and the down-sampled version of the input signal to produce the first residual signal; producing a second residual signal by: correcting the base decoded signal using the residual signal to create a corrected decoded version; up-sampling the corrected decoded version; and using a difference between the up-sampled corrected decoded signal and the input signal to produce the second residual signal; wherein the up-sampling is one of bilinear or bicubic up-sampling. A corresponding decoding method is also disclosed.

Abstract: One configuration as discussed herein includes a data processor acting as streaming server for providing streaming media from a repository to a decoder. The data processor retrieves reconstruction data and corresponding stream metadata from a repository, the reconstruction data encoded in accordance with a tiered hierarchy including multiple levels of quality. The data processor transmits selected portions of the reconstruction data to one or more decoder resources. The decoder resources reconstruct renditions of portions of a signal such as images/frames based on the transmitted portions of reconstruction data. During the transmission step, the data processor may vary a level of quality of the reconstruction data retrieved and transmitted to the decoder resource. The decoder resources decode the received reconstruction data to play back the signal at different levels of quality.

Abstract: Computer processor hardware receives image data specifying element settings for each image of multiple original images in a sequence. The computer processor hardware analyzes the element settings across the multiple original images. The computer processor hardware then utilizes the element settings of the multiple original images in the sequence to produce first encoded image data specifying a set of common image element settings, the set of common image element settings being a baseline to substantially reproduce each of the original images in the sequence.

Abstract: There is provided a method for encoding and decoding a signal. The method comprises receiving a first signal (900) and a second signal (960), the first and second signals comprising different versions of a common content, the first signal (900) using a first signal element coding format and the second signal (960) using a second signal element coding format. The first signal (900) is encoded by a lower encoding module (1103) to generate a lower encoded signal (910). The lower encoded signal (910) is decoded to generate a lower decoded signal. The lower decoded signal is processed by at least converting from the first signal element coding format to the second signal element coding format and up-sampling, to produce a processed signal. The processed signal and the second signal (960) are processed by an upper encoding module (1107) to generate an upper encoded signal (920).

Abstract: There is provided a method of encoding a video signal, the method comprising: receiving an input frame; processing the input frame to generate at least one set of residuals data, the residuals data enabling a decoder to reconstruct the input frame from a reference reconstructed frame; and, applying a run-length coding operation to the set of residuals data, wherein the run-length coding operation comprises generating a run-length encoded bytestream comprising a set of symbols representing non-zero data values of the residuals data set and counts of consecutive zero values of the residuals data set. In certain embodiments the method comprises apply a Huffman coding operation to the set of symbols. A method of decoding is also provided as well as apparatuses and a computer readable medium.

Abstract: There is provided a method for processing an input signal (700). The input signal (700) is processed at least by converting the input signal (700) from a first colour space to a second colour space, to produce a first processed signal. The processed signal is encoded by a first encoding module (703) to generate a first encoded signal (710). A decoded signal is generated by decoding the first encoded signal (710). The decoded signal is processed at least by converting the decoded signal from the second colour space to the first colour space to produce a second processed signal. The second processed signal and the input signal (700) are processed by a second encoding module (707) to generate a second encoded signal (720).

Abstract: An enhancement decoder for video signals, comprising an interface to receive a first video stream (1150) using a first signal element coding format from a standard decoder, an interface to receive an enhancement data stream and a de-multiplexer (200) to decompose the enhancement data stream into a first set of enhancement data, a second set of enhancement data and a range data. A first decoder video stream derived from the first video stream at a first resolution is enhanced by a first enhancer using the first set of enhancement data. A second decoder video stream derived from an output of the first enhancer is converted by an up-sampler to a second resolution. The second resolution being higher than the first resolution. A third decoder video stream derived from an output of the up-sampler at the second resolution is enhanced by a second enhancer using the second set of enhancement data.