Abstract: There is described a validation and authentication system and method for authenticating and validating messages. The system comprises a data store storing one or more digital fingerprints associated with user imaging devices. There is also a communication module configured to: receive a message M; receive a request for validation and authentication and receive an image PM of the message M captured using a user imaging device. The system comprises an image validation module for analysing the received image PM using one or more image processing techniques to determine if the image is valid and authentic. If the received image PM is determined to be authentic and valid, the image validation module generates a response to the request.

Abstract: A method for validating a signature request for a first message M, comprising: receiving, a validation challenge (VC) from a signature creation device (SCD), the VC created by the SCD, in response to receiving the signature request and message M from a user, using a second message M? which is based on message M and a secret shared between the SCD and user, the VC generated by encrypting message M? using the secret; generating, the message M? from the VC by decrypting the VC using the secret; displaying the message M? to the user; receiving confirmation from the user that the displayed message M? corresponds to the message M; generating, a validation code confirming the signature request to create a signature; and outputting the code to the SCD, to cause the SCD to generate the signature for the user for message M based on successfully verifying the code.

Abstract: There is described a validation and authentication system and method for authenticating and validating messages. The system comprises a data store storing one or more digital fingerprints associated with user imaging devices. There is also a communication module configured to: receive a message M; receive a request for validation and authentication and receive an image PM of the message M captured using a user imaging device. The system comprises an image validation module for analysing the received image PM using one or more image processing techniques to determine if the image is valid and authentic. If the received image PM is determined to be authentic and valid, the image validation module generates a response to the request.

Abstract: A method for validating a signature request for a first message M, comprising: receiving, a validation challenge (VC) from a signature creation device (SCD), the VC created by the SCD, in response to receiving the signature request and message M from a user, using a second message M? which is based on message M and a secret shared between the SCD and user, the VC generated by encrypting message M? using the secret; generating, the message M? from the VC by decrypting the VC using the secret; displaying the message M? to the user; receiving confirmation from the user that the displayed message M? corresponds to the message M; generating, a validation code confirming the signature request to create a signature; and outputting the code to the SCD, to cause the SCD to generate the signature for the user for message M based on successfully verifying the code.

Abstract: A method and system for generating a signature for a user are described. The system comprises a signature server, an initial transaction device for a user and a validation device for a user. The initial transaction device is configured to display a first message M and send a request to the signature server to create a signature for said first message M. The signature server is configured to generate a validation challenge using a second message M? which is based on said first message M? and a first secret shared between said user and said signature server and send said validation challenge to the validation device. The validation device is configured to regenerate said second message M? using said first shared secret, display said second message M?, receive user confirmation that the displayed second message M? corresponds to said first message M, generate a validation code confirming the request to create a signature; and send said validation code to said signature server.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells are mounted in a thermal control device which relies on a flow of a heat transfer fluid following round trips inside a casing thereby providing heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid and the entire wall of the electrochemical cells, and secondly, exchanges of heat which are, on average, equivalent for each electrochemical cell, regardless of its position in the thermal control device. The cells are mounted in tightly-fitting tubes arranged in the casing of the thermal control device, with their axis perpendicular to the outward and return flow directions of the heat transfer fluid inside the casing. A production process including a step of introducing the cells into the tubes is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for generating a signature for a user are described. The system comprises a signature server, an initial transaction device for a user and a validation device for a user. The initial transaction device is configured to display a first message M and send a request to the signature server to create a signature for said first message M. The signature server is configured to generate a validation challenge using a second message M? which is based on said first message M? and a first secret shared between said user and said signature server and send said validation challenge to the validation device. The validation device is configured to regenerate said second message M? using said first shared secret, display said second message M?, receive user confirmation that the displayed second message M? corresponds to said first message M, generate a validation code confirming the request to create a signature; and send said validation code to said signature server.