Abstract: A telecommunications system and method is disclosed for providing a battery status indicator associated with a calling mobile station (MS) during an emergency call setup. The battery status indicator is transmitted to the emergency center as a new parameter or as a modified existing parameter, such as cell ID. The emergency center can provide special handling for such calls, such as displaying the low battery indicator to the emergency operator. In addition, the cellular network serving the MS can handover the call to a cell with lower power demands in order to prolong the battery life.

Abstract: A small caliber shell having armor piercing capacity and extremely high precision. The shell includes a hollow metal shell casing defining an outer shape of the shell. The shell casing has a conical front tip and a rear end, the shell casing comprising an inner surface. An elongate shell core made of an extremely hard and heavy material is centered around a longitudinal axis of the shell between a first bearing surface on the inner surface in the conical front tip of the shell casing and a second bearing surface on the inner surface of the rear of the shell casing and is axially centered inside the shell casing. A support part is arranged inside the shell casing and surrounds at least a very rearmost portion of the shell core for supporting the shell core. A ballast material in the shell casing between the support part and an interior wall of the shell casing holds the support part in place.

Abstract: A telecommunications system, apparatus and method is disclosed for optimizing the use of paging channels within the network by dividing location areas (LAs) into sub-location areas (sub-LAs) and providing a more efficient and flexible method of paging mobile subscribers. The amount of usage of the paging channels and the number of location updates performed by a mobile subscriber can be monitored by the network to determine either statistical data or a subscriber category, e.g., heavy-user or light-user, which can be stored within the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card within the mobile station (MS). The sub-LA information along with the LA information for the cell that the mobile terminal is in is broadcast and monitored by the SIM card within the MS, which can then perform location updates based upon the category or data. The Mobile Switching Center/Visitor Location Register can also use the data or category for paging purposes, e.g.

Abstract: A "load based priority" telecommunications system and method which provides efficient use of Traffic Channels (TCHs), while both meeting the subscriber's needs and producing revenue for the cellular operator. "Load based priority" for the mobile subscribers consists of assigning a priority to the subscriber at the time of service activation. The subscriber can pay a low rate for lower priority subscriptions and a higher rate for higher priority subscriptions. The system continuously checks the traffic load on the TCH and broadcasts the current priority in the system information message to the mobile stations in the cell. For example, if the system broadcast message reads low priority, then all mobile subscribers will be able to make calls. However, if the system broadcast message reads high priority, then mobile subscribers who have purchased a lower priority subscription will not be able to make calls.

Abstract: A telecommunications system and method for handling positioning data acquired by a target Base Station Controller (BSC) during a positioning handover, in order to accurately determine the geographical position of a Mobile Station (MS) by a Positioning Center (PC). In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the target BSC can collect the necessary data for positioning and transmit the data to a serving Mobile Switching Center (MSC). Alternatively, the target BSC can transmit the collected data to an originating BSC, which in turn packages all of the data acquired by both the originating BSC and the target BSC and transmits this data to the MSC. In the case where a target MSC is also involved, the positioning data can be collected by the target BSC and transmitted to the target MSC for forwarding either to the originating MSC or the Positioning Center itself.

Abstract: A telecommunications system and method for efficiently managing physical channels during a positioning handover to a target Base Transceiver Station. This can be accomplished by allowing a positioning handover to occur from one channel type, e.g., a traffic channel of the serving BTS, to another channel type, e.g., a control channel of the target BTS. Advantageously, in case of congestion on one type of channel in the target cell, the other type can be used, which allows the positioning handover to the desired target BTS to be performed and the data needed to be collected.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for the selection of target nodes in locating a receiver is disclosed. The receiver measures the strength of signals transmitted by a number of nodes. The received strength is subtracted from the transmitting power of the nodes to determine the respective path losses. The node with the lowest path loss is selected as the target node. The target node is then used to perform a triangulation for determining the location of the receiver.

Abstract: A test loop is provided in a cellular network for testing and supervising a complete chain of radio equipment needed to carry cellular traffic from a radio base station. A software modified mobile station including a transceiver test unit is cable connected between transmitter and receiver parts in a radio base station. Logic is introduced in the base station controller to establish connections to the mobile station on all traffic channels in the cell and evaluate measurement reports from the transceiver test unit and receiver. If signal strength and/or bit error rate are not within a predefined expected interval, an alarm is given in the base station controller. Also, reports can be provided on the measured signal strength and bit error rate on all traffic channels in the cell. The transceiver test can be initiated by periodic command. In addition, statistics on traffic in the cell can be evaluated to determine abnormal behavior in the cell which results in automatic initiation of a transceiver test.

Abstract: The blood coagulation factors I (fibrinogen) and VIII (antihemophilia factor, abbreviated AHF) are isolated in high yields from animal tissue materials such as blood or blood products (e.g. plasma) or plasma fractions by a procedure involving the essential step of adsorption (as in affinity chromatography) of at least one of these factors, in a liquid system, onto a water-insoluble gel matrix primarily composed of a cross-linked sulfated or sulfonated, gel-forming carbohydrate such as cross-linked dextran sulfate-agarose, cross-linked dextran sulfate-dextran, cross-linked heparin-agarose and other such gel matrix-providing substances.