Abstract: An exemplary paint material switching path includes first and second valve elements, each having an inlet and an outlet, and a hollow cylindrical intermediate piece arranged between the outlet of the first valve element and the inlet of the second valve element. The inlet of the first valve element is configured to be connected to a continuously pressurized paint material supply, and a manifold channel which is configured to be pressurized and into which the outlet of the second valve element opens. Furthermore, components are provided for measuring the pressure prevailing in the hollow cylindrical intermediate piece and an evaluation device for detecting leaks in at least one of the two valve elements based on the measured pressure with respect to time for a given pressure difference between the inlet of the first valve element and the outlet of the second valve element at the beginning of the leak detection.

Abstract: An exemplary paint material switching path includes first and second valve means each having an inlet and an outlet, and a hollow cylindrical intermediate piece arranged between the outlet of the first valve means and the inlet of the second valve means. The inlet of the first valve means is configured to be connected to a continuously pressurised paint material supply, and a manifold channel which is configured to be pressurised and into which the outlet of the second valve means opens. Furthermore, means are provided for measuring the pressure prevailing in the hollow cylindrical intermediate piece and an evaluation device for detecting leaks in at least one of the two valve means based on the measured pressure with respect to time for a given pressure difference between the inlet of the first valve means and the outlet of the second valve means at the beginning of the leak detection.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ultrasonic standing-wave atomizer arrangement 10, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 for producing a paint spray mist for painting a workpiece, with a sonotrode 12, 48 and with a component 14, 46 arranged lying opposite the sonotrode 12, 48. A standing ultrasonic field is formed in the intermediate space between the sonotrode 12, 48 and the component 14 in the case of operation. A paint-feeding device 29, by means of which paint can be fed into the vicinity of a maximum of the sound particle velocity of the ultrasonic field, is provided. The paint-feeding device has in the region of the standing ultrasonic field at least two pieces of pipe 30, 31, 32; 42, 43, 44 for discharging paint, at least two of the pieces of pipe 30, 31, 32; 42, 43, 44 being arranged in the region of a selected maximum of the sound particle velocity of the standing ultrasonic field.

Abstract: A powder spraying gun generates a desired pattern of electrostatically charged particles for coating a workpiece without rotating parts or particle deflectors. The powder pattern is generated with a funnel-shaped output in conjunction with air introduced into a powder charging chamber of the gun in a tangential swirling motion. The swirling air is additionally used to purge agglomerated powder particles from the charging electrodes in the charging chamber. The charging chamber surface is fashioned from material exhibiting low friction or high resistance to powder impact fusion.

Abstract: A powder spraying gun generates a desired pattern of electrostatically charged particles for coating a workpiece without rotating parts or particle deflectors. The powder pattern is generated with a funnel-shaped output in conjunction with air introduced into a powder charging chamber of the gun in a tangential swirling motion. The swirling air is additionally used to purge agglomerated powder particles from the charging electrodes in the charging chamber. The charging chamber surface is fashioned from material exhibiting low friction or high resistance to powder impact fusion.

Abstract: A method for determining a layer thickness distribution in a paint layer produced during paint spraying after inputting specific spraying parameters into an electrostatically based paint spraying device. A data processing device sets up and uses a phenomenological mathematical model of a quasi-stationary three-dimensional spray pattern. Specific parameters, such as an angle of rotation of electrodes and a rate of movement of the spraying device are input into the phenomenological model as fixed input parameters. In addition, real physical input parameters such as paint volume, directing air data and a voltage value, whose influence on the spraying result is not accurately known, are fed to an artificial neural network. The neural network having been previously trained using real input data such as a configuration of the spraying device, a paint type, operating parameters, and measured values of the layer thickness distribution.

Abstract: A powder spraying gun generates a desired pattern of electrostatically charged particles for coating a workpiece without rotating parts or particle deflectors. The powder pattern is generated with a funnel-shaped output in conjunction with air introduced into a powder charging chamber of the gun in a tangential swirling motion. The swirling air is additionally used to purge agglomerated powder particles from the charging electrodes in the charging chamber. The charging chamber surface is fashioned from material exhibiting low friction or high resistance to powder impact fusion.

Abstract: An insulation piece for a pipeline conveys electrically conductive liquids from a point that is at a ground potential to a point connected to a high voltage. The liquid is conveyed discontinuously by portion-by-portion transport by the carriage flow of the liquid being interrupted. The insulation piece is periodically free of liquid, corresponding to the interruptions in the carriage flow. The insulation piece is a hollow body, and its unobstructed width is equal to or greater than that of the pipeline. Connecting pieces for connecting to the pipeline are provided on the end faces of the insulation piece, which are closed in places by terminating elements, and which connecting pieces are of the same diameter as the adjacent pipeline. The connecting pieces pass through the terminating elements, rest against them to form a seal, and each have a toroidal-form attachment on the outside at their inner end.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning liquids containing impurities. Adsorbents are added to the liquid, which adsorb the impurity. Several particles of adsorbent are agglomerated with the impurities adsorbed therein/thereon to form greater particles of adsorbent. The now greater particles of adsorbent are suspended in the liquid once again. The liquid containing the greater particles of adsorbent is then filtered. An apparatus possesses at least one agglomerator with a feed inlet, an outlet each for the separated components (clear runnings, concentrated suspension) and an apparatus for producing the agglomeration. The latter is preferably an apparatus for producing an electric field. A pressure filter with a feed inlet for the concentrated suspension and an outlet each for the separated components is further provided.

Abstract: A rotary atomizer with external charging which can be used for applying conductive paints, in particular water-based paint, to a surface of a body to be coated. The rotary atomizer has a directing air ring at a high-voltage potential and an earthed spraying bell. To reduce the risk of discharges, it is proposed to connect the ring to an earth potential via a high-impedance resistance, so that the ring assumes a potential which lies between the high-voltage potential of electrodes for the external charging and the earth potential of the bell.

Abstract: A method for determining spraying parameters that are suitable as input values for a paint spraying unit that can electrostatically charge a liquid paint. In this case, at least one artificial neural network is used to determine the spraying parameters, an output of such a neural network being available for each spraying parameter. A suitable number of real measured values are fed to the one neural network or a plurality of neural networks as input values, initially in a learning phase. The measured values further contain associated real spraying parameters in addition to a paint thickness distribution in the form of discrete values. Input values are fed to the one neural network or a plurality of neural networks in the application phase. The input values being the result of an analysis of the paint thickness distribution of a targeted, that is to say prescribed, spraying result.

Abstract: A rotary spray atomizer for applying electrically conductive paint, in particular water-based paint, to surfaces, includes a housing. A spray head is fitted on front of the housing for receiving a supply of paint and discharging the supply of paint in a spray mist as a result of rotation. A motor is disposed in the housing for rotary actuation of the spray head. At least two electrode holders are disposed along a concentric circle and extend towards the front parallel to a longitudinal axis of the housing. Electrodes are each accommodated in and protrude from an end of a respective one of the electrode holders. High-voltage sources constructed as a cascade are each plugged into a respective one of the electrode holders for receiving a low-voltage current, feeding one of the electrodes and causing the electrode to generate an electric field applying the spray mist discharged by the spray head to an application surface.

Abstract: An insulation piece is described for a pipeline that conveys electrically conductive liquids from a point that is at a ground potential to a point connected to a high voltage. The liquid is conveyed discontinuously by portion-by-portion transport by the carriage flow of the liquid being interrupted. The insulation piece is periodically free of liquid, corresponding to the interruptions in the carriage flow. The insulation piece is a hollow body, and its unobstructed width is equal to or greater than that of the pipeline. Connecting pieces for connecting to the pipeline are provided on the end faces of the insulation piece, which are closed in places by terminating elements, and which connecting pieces are of the same diameter as the adjacent pipeline. The connecting pieces pass through the terminating elements, rest against them to form a seal, and each have a toroidal-form attachment on the outside at their inner end.

Abstract: A rotary atomizer with external charging which can be used for applying conductive paints, in particular water-based paint, to a surface of a body to be coated. The rotary atomizer has a directing air ring at a high-voltage potential and an earthed spraying bell. To reduce the risk of discharges, it is proposed to connect the ring to an earth potential via a high-impedance resistance, so that the ring assumes a potential which lies between the high-voltage potential of electrodes for the external charging and the earth potential of the bell.

Abstract: A powder-spraying appliance for electrostatic powder coating of work pieces. In order to achieve particularly good charging of powder particles, the powder-spraying appliance contains a chamber, into which a powder/air mixture is introduced transversely to a spraying direction via a supply conduit. An earth electrode and a plurality of high-voltage electrodes are disposed in the chamber. All of the electrodes are flushed with cleaning air in order to avoid powder deposits on the electrodes.

Abstract: A powder-spraying apparatus having simultaneous internal and external charging, which is suitable for electrostatic powder coating. In order to achieve improved constancy of the deposition efficiency, largely independent of the distance between the powder-spraying apparatus and the work piece, it is proposed to connect both internal high-voltage electrodes and external high-voltage electrodes to a high-voltage source via high-resistance components.

Abstract: A process and a dispersion apparatus for shaping a powder cloud emerging from a powder spraying apparatus achieve large powder clouds and good electrostatic charging by directing control air in a tangential direction towards a powder/air stream flowing through the dispersion apparatus in an axial spraying direction. A helically accelerated movement of the powder/air stream in the direction of an outlet is achieved thereby.

Abstract: Workpieces are electrostatically coated with powder materials. It is possible to attain a relatively large coating thickness in a single operation by simultaneously or alternately coating with powder particles that have a different electrical charge. The process can be used in applying single-component or multi-component coating materials.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for powder spraying can be used, for example, for electrostatic enameling. In order to achieve an easily regulatable high powder output rate, it is proposed to fluidize powder in a closed container, extract it in the region of the fluid bed and cause it to emerge through a nozzle on the container. The container is subdivided by a frit into a first chamber to which air is fed and a second chamber which contains the powder and out of which air is discharged through a valve. A powder output rate can be regulated by the regulation of air pressures.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling the outflow of fluid powder from a container can be used for controlling the expulsion of powder out of a powder-spraying apparatus for electrostatic coating. The disadvantages of a mechanical closing device are avoided by introducing closing air into an extraction pipe for extracting fluidized powder out of a container. The closing air is introduced through a pipe which opens into an orifice in the casing of the extraction pipe. The mass flow of fluidized powder can be controlled by an appropriate setting of a pressure in the extraction pipe in relation to the pressure in the fluid bed, that is to say by the introduction of closing air at an appropriate pressure.