Abstract: The present invention relates to systems for changing and measuring the polarisation of radio waves. Embodiments of the systems are disclosed for different applications as well as uses of the systems as sensors for measuring angles and shifts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices for changing and measuring the polarisation of radio waves, Embodiments of the devices for different applications as well as uses of the devices as sensors for measuring angles and shifts.

Abstract: A method for operating an open 3-line type hydrodynamic coupling device, in which a fluid pressure displacing a clutch piston in an engaging direction is provided in the first space area for engaging the lockup clutch, and a fluid pressure displacing the clutch piston in the disengaging direction is provided in a second space area for disengaging the lockup clutch. A fluid supply pressure for the first space area and/or a fluid supply pressure for the second space area are/is adjusted depending on at least one operating variable in the engaged state of the lockup clutch and/or in the disengaged state of the lockup clutch and/or for engaging the lockup clutch and/or for disengaging the lockup clutch.

Abstract: A method for operating an open 3-line type hydrodynamic coupling device, in which a fluid pressure displacing a clutch piston in an engaging direction is provided in the first space area for engaging the lockup clutch, and a fluid pressure displacing the clutch piston in the disengaging direction is provided in a second space area for disengaging the lockup clutch. A fluid supply pressure for the first space area and/or a fluid supply pressure for the second space area are/is adjusted depending on at least one operating variable in the engaged state of the lockup clutch and/or in the disengaged state of the lockup clutch and/or for engaging the lockup clutch and/or for disengaging the lockup clutch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for manufacturing polarization sensitive respectively polarizing filters and to their application to polarizing photosensors used to measure the polarization of incident light, further to designs of polarization sensors measuring angles of rotation and strong electric or magnetic fields as well as to reproducing polarization equipment reproducing polarized signals or to reproduce independent signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing polarisation-sensitive and/or polarising filters, in addition to the use of polarisation-sensitive photosensors in order to measure the polarisation of incident light. The invention also relates to embodiments of polarisation-sensitive sensors in order to measure rotational angles and powerful electric or magnetic fields, in addition to polarisation-producing reproduction devices and embodiments of polarisation-producing reproduction devices in order to reproduce polarised signals or to reproduce independent signals.

Abstract: A method for determining electrical characteristics of a network of conductor elements. Separate conductor elements are dissected into segments for modeling high frequency phenomenons such as proximity and skin effect. Partial impedances are assigned to the segments to describe their mutual and self inductances. When calculating the electrical characteristics of the conductor arrangement, mutual partial impedances are taken into account only between segments in spatial proximity, reducing memory requirements and increasing calculation speed. Voltages induced in spatially distant conductor elements are calculated for the determination of mutual inductive couplings between spatially distant conductor elements. The method is suitable for time and frequency domain modeling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determination by computer of the electrical characteristics of a network of conductor elements. The separate conductor elements are dissected into segments, especially for the modelling of high-frequency effects such as the skin effect and the proximity effect. The segments have partial impedances assigned with which the self- and mutual inductances are described. According to the invention, during calculation of the electrical characteristics of the conductor arrangement, mutual partial impedances are only taken into account between segments in spatial proximity. This results in an especially high calculation speed and reduced memory requirement in comparison to usual methods. For the determination of the mutual inductive couplings between spatially distant conductor elements voltages are calculated which, caused by the respective total current flowing the conductor elements, are induced in those (coupling locally free of retroaction).