Abstract: A method for manufacturing a broadband antenna, such as applicable for a low radar cross-section ground penetrating radar. A conductive film is deposited along a dielectric member, such as by sputtering, in such a manner that the impedance of the conducting film is a continuous function of length along the dielectric member. A sampling circuit is then coupled electrically to the feedpoint.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a broadband antenna, such as applicable for a low radar cross-section ground penetrating radar. A conductive film is deposited along a dielectric member, such as by sputtering, in such a manner that the impedance of the conducting film is a continuous function of length along the dielectric member. A sampling circuit is then coupled electrically to the feedpoint.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting objects buried beneath the surface of a medium. A plurality of wide-bandwidth antennas, coupled to form an array, is drawn across the surface. Each antenna radiates a plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation at periodic intervals of time and receives the plurality of pulses after their interaction with the medium. The return pulses are sampled by a sampling circuit disposed at the feed of each antenna so as to create an equivalent-time pulse signal, and a self-signature of each antenna is subtracted from the equivalent-time pulse signal so as to detect features of objects buried beneath the surface of the medium. A pulse former is provided at the feedpoint of the receiving antenna.

Abstract: The distance sensor for projectile fuzes, according to the invention, employs a range finder (6', 17, 25, 27) operating on the principle of pulse propagation time. The signal (18) is radiated by an antenna (4, 5') and the portion (18') reflected by the target is also received thereby. From a pulse (17') derived from the transmitter pulse and delayed in time by a definite amount in the delay member (19), one obtains the receiver sampling pulse (20). This pulse is used to sample the portion (18') and the resulting low-frequency representation of the receiver pulse is passed through a low-frequency amplifier (21) and a band-pass filter (44).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for determining the range of vision of the driver of an motor vehicle upon encountering a fog. A transmitter and receiving member is mounted on the front portion of the motor vehicle. A series of beam are transmitted from the range finder to different measured portions of the roadway. The reflections from the roadway are monitored. When the atmospheric conditions change so that a fog or other obstacle appears in the roadway, the reflected signal will take on different characteristics or will not appear at all. The driver of the motor vehicle can have a visual and/or an acoustic warning indication inside the vehicle to note that some dangerous condition exists.

Abstract: In order to improve the attack capabilities against armor or combat vehicles and combat aircraft, projectiles (2) must be detonated at a small distance ahead of the impact point on the target (1). This distance cannot be determined mechanically or even with the customary pulse time-of-flight method. In order to insure the resolution of such distances, lying mostly in the region from 0.5 to 2.0 meters, the projectile is equipped with a laser range finder (3) that operates on the sampling principle and permits exact measurements. The range finder may be used as a distance detector or as an approach sensor. In the latter case, the most favorable point of time is determined in that the sampling pulses are used to set several distance gates by means of which additional information for target analysis can be obtained.

Abstract: A directional antenna is provided having an array of directional antenna elements arranged in at least one row. The directional antenna elements are activated in accordance with a predetermined pattern. The signal amplitudes on the receiving side are time-shifted to simulate a low-frequency signal for detection of deeper-lying anti-tank mines. Each directional antenna element has a pair of flat strips which lie close to each other at the base side and which proceed in parallel before diverging to a greater width toward the aperture side.

Abstract: A device is provided for use in a proximity-type fuze which includes a rectangular wave generator, the output of which is differentiated to provide pulses for exciting an antenna, which pulses are at the same time used to bias one or more diodes to conduction for passing signals reflected by a target to a sawtooth wave generator whose sawtooth output has its magnitude and period controlled by the differentiated pulses, the sawtooth output having its magnitude controlled by the signals reflected from the target and particularly the time relationship of the latter relative to the period of the rectangular wave.

Abstract: A method is contemplated for removing ringing phenomena from a signal impulse which comprises storing amounts of energy or voltage corresponding to amplitude variations of the signal impulse, interrogating said amounts in a delayed manner, and subsequently feeding back the interrogated amounts to the signal impulse. An apparatus is provided for the method which comprises an analog memory including a ring stepping switch including switching contacts, storage capacitors coupled to said contacts and means for interrogating said capacitors. The number of switching steps is determined by the number of the switching contacts and corresponds at least in part to part of the signal impulse passing unchanged through the apparatus.