Abstract: A ship which has supporting columns which run vertically and are located in the hull of the ship, as well as at least one flat, rectangular area element which extends horizontally and is supported on at least one of these support columns, in which the supporting columns are located at some distance from the corner points of the rectangular area element.

Abstract: The device is used in exhaust and ventilation systems on a ship which has a plurality of exhaust and ventilation ducts. The exhaust and ventilation ducts connect the ship's operating systems with the environment. There are retaining elements for the three-dimensional fastening of the exhaust and ventilation ducts. The exhaust and ventilation ducts are mounted in a support frame. The support frame is self-supporting and can be inserted in a vertical shaft on the ship. The support frame has a height which essentially equals the vertical length of the exhaust and ventilation ducts, and extends, starting from the shipboard propulsion system, through a plurality of ship's decks, to a stack end piece.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) group and X is a hydrogen or alkali metal atom, in which compounds of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which R and X have the abovementioned meanings, are converted into the corresponding diazonium compound with a diazotizing agent in a mineral acid at temperatures of about -5.degree. C. to about +25.degree. C., this diazonium compound is then reacted, without or after intermediate isolation, with aqueous mineral acid at temperatures of about 70.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. and the resulting compounds of the above formula (1) are isolated.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alkyl 3-chlorophenyl sulfones of the formula (I), in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are straight-chain or branched alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) groups, which can be identical or different, by reacting alkyl phenyl sulfones of the formula (II), in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the meanings given above, with chlorine in sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid at temperatures of about 20 to about 180.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for the biological purification of waste water by mixing a sludge-water mixture and air in an activation chamber charged continuously with waste water, activated sludge and air and from which an equivalent quantity of sludge-water mixture is discharged, the sludge-water mixture is guided along with the air in the activation chamber so as to define at least one loop shape motion. In a further embodiment of the process that part of the sludge-water mixture that does not continue its loop shape course is submitted to a biological after-reaction, preferably occurring in the activation chamber, while avoiding backmixing with the mixture in loop shape motion.

Abstract: In a device for gassing liquids or suspensions, a first guide means is located at a short distance, opposite the orifice of a jet pipe. This guide means is supported via a gas inlet on a second guide means. The first guide means provided can be a cone and the second guide means can be a truncated cone which merges into a disc-shaped annular zone.

Abstract: A device for the biological purification of waste water and for the degasification and clarification of a sludge-water mixture resulting from the biological purification includes a reactor container defining a chamber, means for introducing air, waste water and activated sludge into the chamber and means for discharging overflowing sludge-water mixture from the reactor container (activation chamber). A guide element is disposed within the chamber for maintaining a loop-shaped flow therein.