Abstract: Computer implemented methods of producing a bone graft are provided. These methods include obtaining a 3-D image of an intended bone graft site; generating a 3-D digital model of the bone graft based on the 3-D image of the intended bone graft site, the 3-D digital model of the bone graft being configured to fit within a 3-D digital model of the intended bone graft site; storing the 3-D digital model on a database coupled to a processor, the processor having instructions for retrieving the stored 3-D digital model of the bone graft and for combining a carrier material with, in or on a bone material based on the stored 3-D digital model and for instructing a 3-D printer to produce the bone graft. A layered 3-D printed bone graft prepared by the computer implemented method is also provided.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods of producing a bone graft are provided. These methods include obtaining a 3-D image of an intended bone graft site; generating a 3-D digital model of the bone graft based on the 3-D image of the intended bone graft site, the 3-D digital model of the bone graft being configured to fit within a 3-D digital model of the intended bone graft site; storing the 3-D digital model on a database coupled to a processor, the processor having instructions for retrieving the stored 3-D digital model of the bone graft and for combining a carrier material with, in or on a bone material based on the stored 3-D digital model and for instructing a 3-D printer to produce the bone graft. A layered 3-D printed bone graft prepared by the computer implemented method is also provided.

Abstract: Methods of decontaminating bone tissue and an apparatus or system for the same are provided. The methods can be multi-batch processes and include contacting the bone tissue having contaminants with carbon dioxide to decontaminate the bone tissue and to form carbon dioxide having contaminants. The contaminated carbon dioxide is collected and the contaminants are removed to obtain purified carbon dioxide which can be recycled to treat contaminated bone tissue. The contaminated carbon dioxide can be purified by bubbling it through water and/or an organic solvent followed by acid treatment, filtering and liquefying the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Methods of decontaminating bone tissue and an apparatus or system for the same are provided. The methods can be multi-batch processes and include contacting the bone tissue having contaminants with carbon dioxide to decontaminate the bone tissue and to form carbon dioxide having contaminants. The contaminated carbon dioxide is collected and the contaminants are removed to obtain purified carbon dioxide which can be recycled to treat contaminated bone tissue. The contaminated carbon dioxide can be purified by bubbling it through water and/or an organic solvent followed by acid treatment, filtering and liquefying the carbon dioxide. Contaminants that can be removed from contaminated bone tissue, and in turn, from contaminated carbon dioxide include infectious organisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites, fungi and mold or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Accelerated spirit or beverage aging methods and associated systems are provided. One aging method is to soak selected wood fibers or chips with spirits or beverages in presence of subcritical, critical, and supercritical carbon dioxide. Another aging method is to treat selected wood fibers or chips in subcritical, critical, and supercritical carbon dioxide followed by soaking with spirits and/or beverages. A system for spirit or beverage aging and/or wood treatment is also provided. The system is comprised of a carbon dioxide supply device; a subcritical, critical, and supercritical carbon dioxide performance vessel; a mesh cage device; and a carbon dioxide separation and recycle device. Wood or treated wood can be further impregnated with natural flavors, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and therapeutics in a subcritical, critical, and supercritical carbon dioxide environment.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the binding of growth factors and cell cultures to a demineralized allograft bone material which includes applying ex vivo an effective quantity of an ionic force change agent to at least a portion of the surface of a demineralized allograft bone material to produce a binding-sensitized demineralized allograft bone material and implanting the binding-sensitized demineralized allograft bone material into a host bone. The ionic force change agent may include at least one of enzymes, pressure, chemicals, heat, sheer force, oxygen plasma, supercritical nitrogen, supercritical carbon, supercritical water or a combination thereof. A molecule, a cell culture, or a combination thereof is administered to the binding-sensitized demineralized allograft bone material.

Abstract: Enhanced alcoholic beverage compositions and enhancing methods are disclosed. In particular, the invention relates to an enhanced alcoholic beverage composition comprising at least one or more cannabis plant derived compounds, with or without oak wood derived compounds, wherein the cannabis plant derived compounds in the alcoholic beverage composition have a weight ratio of 0.00005% to 5% (w/v %) and the oak wood derived compounds have a weight ratio of 0-5%. The cannabis plant derived compounds include at least one or more cannabinoids including ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) and at least one or more terpenes. The enhancing methods comprising infusing cannabis plant and/or oak wood derived compounds with alcoholic beverage in presence of subcritical/critical/supercritical carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Methods of decontaminating bone tissue and an apparatus or system for the same are provided. The methods can be multi-batch processes and include contacting the bone tissue having contaminants with carbon dioxide to decontaminate the bone tissue and to form carbon dioxide having contaminants. The contaminated carbon dioxide is collected and the contaminants are removed to obtain purified carbon dioxide which can be recycled to treat contaminated bone tissue. The contaminated carbon dioxide can be purified by bubbling it through water and/or an organic solvent followed by acid treatment, filtering and liquefying the carbon dioxide. Contaminants that can be removed from contaminated bone tissue, and in turn, from contaminated carbon dioxide include infectious organisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites, fungi and mold or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods of producing a mesh implant having a compartment to enclose a bone material therein are provided. These methods include generating a 3D digital model of the mesh implant having the compartment, the 3D digital model including a virtual volume of the compartment and a virtual depth, thickness and volume of the mesh implant; generating a 3D digital model of a covering configured for closing the compartment of the mesh implant, the 3D digital model including a virtual volume of the covering for closing the compartment of the mesh implant; and instructing a 3D printer coupled to a computer to generate the mesh implant based on the 3D digital models. A computer system for making a mesh implant and a delivery system including the mesh implant are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of decontaminating bone tissue and an apparatus or system for the same are provided. The methods can be multi-batch processes and include contacting the bone tissue having contaminants with carbon dioxide to decontaminate the bone tissue and to form carbon dioxide having contaminants. The contaminated carbon dioxide is collected and the contaminants are removed to obtain purified carbon dioxide which can be recycled to treat contaminated bone tissue. The contaminated carbon dioxide can be purified by bubbling it through water and/or an organic solvent followed by acid treatment, filtering and liquefying the carbon dioxide. Contaminants that can be removed from contaminated bone tissue, and in turn, from contaminated carbon dioxide include infectious organisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites, fungi and mold or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Osteoinductive compositions and implants having increased biological activities, and methods for their production, are provided. The biological activities that may be increased include, but are not limited to, bone forming; bone healing; osteoinductive activity, osteogenic activity, chondrogenic activity, wound healing activity, neurogenic activity, contraction-inducing activity, mitosis-inducing activity, differentiation-inducing activity, chemotactic activity, angiogenic or vasculogenic activity, and exocytosis or endocytosis-inducing activity. In one embodiment, a method for producing an osteoinductive composition comprises providing partially demineralized bone, treating the partially demineralized bone to disrupt the collagen structure of the bone. In another embodiment, an implantable osteoinductive and osteoconductive composition comprises partially demineralized bone, wherein the collagen structure of the bone has been disrupted, and, optionally, a tissue-derived extract.

Abstract: An osteoinductive composition is provided which includes a plurality of surface demineralized fibrous bone chips. Each fibrous bone chip has a BET surface area from about 10 m2/gm to about 70 m2/gm. The osteoinductive composition can also include fully demineralized bone fibers. The osteoinductive composition including the surface demineralized fibrous bone chips with or without fully demineralized bone fibers can be placed in a covering, such as a mesh bag. The osteoinductive composition can include other bone structures and/or bioactive agents and/or ceramics. A method of treating a bone cavity in a patient in need thereof with the osteoinductive composition including a plurality of surface demineralized fibrous bone chips with or without fully demineralized bone fibers is also provided.

Abstract: Bone matrix compositions having nanoscale textured surfaces and methods for their production are provided. In some embodiments, bone matrix is prepared for implantation and retains nanoscale textured surfaces. In other embodiments, nanostructures are imparted to bone matrix wherein collagen fibrils on the surface of the bone matrix have been compromised, thus imparting a nanoscale textured surface to the bone matrix. Generally, these methods may be applied to mineralized or demineralized bone including partially or surface demineralized bone.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods of producing a mesh implant having a compartment to enclose a bone material therein are provided. These methods include generating a 3D digital model of the mesh implant having the compartment, the 3D digital model including a virtual volume of the compartment and a virtual depth, thickness and volume of the mesh implant; generating a 3D digital model of a covering configured for closing the compartment of the mesh implant, the 3D digital model including a virtual volume of the covering for closing the compartment of the mesh implant; and instructing a 3D printer coupled to a computer to generate the mesh implant based on the 3D digital models. A computer system for making a mesh implant and a delivery system including the mesh implant are also provided.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods of producing a bone graft are provided. These methods include obtaining a 3-D image of an intended bone graft site; generating a 3-D digital model of the bone graft based on the 3-D image of the intended bone graft site, the 3-D digital model of the bone graft being configured to fit within a 3-D digital model of the intended bone graft site; storing the 3-D digital model on a database coupled to a processor, the processor having instructions for retrieving the stored 3-D digital model of the bone graft and for combining a carrier material with, in or on a bone material based on the stored 3-D digital model and for instructing a 3-D printer to produce the bone graft. A layered 3-D printed bone graft prepared by the computer implemented method is also provided.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods of producing a porous implant are provided including obtaining a 3-D image of an intended tissue repair site; generating a 3-D digital model of the porous implant based on the 3-D image of the intended tissue repair site. The method also includes determining an implant material and an amount of a porogen to add to an implant material to obtain a desired porosity of the porous implant. The desired porosity is based on a combination of macropores, micropores and/or nanopores structures. The 3-D digital model developed is stored on a database coupled to a processor, wherein the processor has instructions for combining the implant material with the porogen based on the stored 3-D digital model and for instructing a 3-D printer to produce the porous implant. A layered 3-D printed porous implant prepared by the computer implemented method is also provided.

Abstract: A covering for delivering a substance or material to a surgical site is provided. The covering, with substance provided therein, may be referred to as a delivery system. Generally, the covering may be a single or multi-compartment structure capable of at least partially retaining a substance provided therein until the covering is placed at a surgical site. Upon placement, the covering may facilitate transfer of the substance or surrounding materials. For example, the substance may be released (actively or passively) to the surgical site. The covering may participate in, control, or otherwise adjust the release of the substance. In various embodiments, the covering may be formed of a collagen material and is suitable for a variety of procedure specific uses.

Abstract: An osteoinductive implantable composition comprising a mixture of demineralized bone fibers and mineralized bone fibers is provided. The mixture is visible under X ray and remodels more easily than comparable mixtures of demineralized bone matrix and surface demineralized cortical bone chips. The osteoinductive implantable compositions comprises demineralized bone fibers in an amount from about 30 vol % to about 45 vol % and mineralized bone fibers in an amount from about 55 vol % to about 70 vol %. The osteoinductive implantable compositions can be delivered in delivery systems including mesh coverings for administration at surgical sites. A method of treating a bone defect caused by injury, disease, wounds, or surgery utilizing the osteoinductive implantable composition comprising a mixture of demineralized bone fibers and mineralized bone fibers is also provided.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods of producing a mesh implant having a compartment to enclose a bone material therein are provided. These methods include generating a 3D digital model of the mesh implant having the compartment, the 3D digital model including a virtual volume of the compartment and a virtual depth, thickness and volume of the mesh implant; generating a 3D digital model of a covering configured for closing the compartment of the mesh implant, the 3D digital model including a virtual volume of the covering for closing the compartment of the mesh implant; and instructing a 3D printer coupled to a computer to generate the mesh implant based on the 3D digital models. A computer system for making a mesh implant and a delivery system including the mesh implant are also provided.

Abstract: A covering for delivering a substance or material to a surgical site is provided. The covering, with substance provided therein, may be referred to as a delivery system. Generally, the covering may be a single or multi-compartment structure capable of at least partially retaining a substance provided therein until the covering is placed at a surgical site. Upon placement, the covering may facilitate transfer of the substance or surrounding materials. For example, the substance may be released (actively or passively) to the surgical site. The covering may participate in, control, or otherwise adjust, the release of the substance.