Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device can comprise a substrate, a device stack, first and second internal interconnects, and an encapsulant. The substrate can comprise a first and second substrate sides opposite each other, a substrate outer sidewall between the first substrate side and the second substrate side, and a substrate inner sidewall defining a cavity between the first substrate side and the second substrate side. The device stack can be in the cavity and can comprise a first electronic device, and a second electronic device stacked on the first electronic device. The first internal interconnect can be coupled to the substrate and the device stack. The encapsulant can cover the substrate inner sidewall and the device stack and can fill the cavity. Other examples and related methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: An ultra wideband filter is provided that filters an input signal using a pair of cross-coupled transistors with a small size and small power consumption. The ultra wideband filter includes a reference current generator unit generating a reference current using a bias signal of a predetermined level, a transconductor unit that is biased by the reference current and converts a predetermined input voltage into a current of a predetermined amount to output the current if the input voltage is applied thereto, and a filter unit that outputs a predetermined output voltage corresponding to the output current of the transconductor unit using a plurality of cross-coupled transistors and capacitors. The filter unit may include cross-coupled nMOS and pMOS transistors, and first and second capacitors respectively connected to respective drain terminals of the nMOS and pMOS transistors. Accordingly, the ultra wideband filter can be designed in a minimum size.

Abstract: Disclosed is a CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA). The variable gain amplifier comprises a voltage-current converter for converting voltages of a wide input range into currents, a current shared circuit for receiving the currents from the voltage-current converter and controlling values of output currents depending on first and second control voltages, and a current-voltage converter for converting the output currents from the current shared circuit into differential voltages depending on a bias voltage in order to obtain a variable gain. The voltage amplifier having a variable gain is provided by controlling the value of the output current of the drain terminal against the gate voltage of the NMOS transistor constituting the current shared circuit. Therefore, an integrated circuit (IC) type variable gain amplifier operating a high speed at a low supply voltage can be obtained.

Abstract: An ultra wideband filter is provided that filters an input signal using a pair of cross-coupled transistors with a small size and small power consumption. The ultra wideband filter includes a reference current generator unit generating a reference current using a bias signal of a predetermined level, a transconductor unit that is biased by the reference current and converts a predetermined input voltage into a current of a predetermined amount to output the current if the input voltage is applied thereto, and a filter unit that outputs a predetermined output voltage corresponding to the output current of the transconductor unit using a plurality of cross-coupled transistors and capacitors. The filter unit may include cross-coupled nMOS and pMOS transistors, and first and second capacitors respectively connected to respective drain terminals of the nMOS and pMOS transistors. Accordingly, the ultra wideband filter can be designed in a minimum size.

Abstract: Disclosed is a CMOS variable gain amplifier. The variable gain amplifier comprises a first means for first and second differential input voltages, a second means for controlling its transconductance to generate an output current according to a control voltage, a third means for a bias voltage to generate bias current by current mirror, and to supply a stabilized bias current to the second means using the replica current, and a fourth means for generating an output voltage with a variable gain according to control voltage by its output current generated in the second means. Therefore, the present invention provides a function of controlling low distortion and high linearity in low voltage and a high-speed operation by the supply of a stabilized sharing current bias, and can control a voltage gain in a wide range by the control voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a variable gain amplifier having low voltage, low distortion, high linearity and wideband operating characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a CMOS variable gain amplifier. The variable gain amplifier comprises a first means for first and second differential input voltages, a second means for controlling its transconductance to generate an output current according to a control voltage, a third means for a bias voltage to generate bias current by current mirror, and to supply a stabilized bias current to the second means using the replica current, and a fourth means for generating an output voltage with a variable gain according to control voltage by its output current generated in the second means. Therefore, the present invention provides a function of controlling low distortion and high linearity in low voltage and a high-speed operation by the supply of a stabilized sharing current bias, and can control a voltage gain in a wide range by the control voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a variable gain amplifier having low voltage, low distortion, high linearity and wideband operating characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA). The variable gain amplifier comprises a voltage-current converter for converting voltages of a wide input range into currents, a current shared circuit for receiving the currents from the voltage-current converter and controlling values of output currents depending on first and second control voltages, and a current-voltage converter for converting the output currents from the current shared circuit into differential voltages depending on a bias voltage in order to obtain a variable gain. The voltage amplifier having a variable gain is provided by controlling the value of the output current of the drain terminal against the gate voltage of the NMOS transistor constituting the current shared circuit. Therefore, an integrated circuit (IC) type variable gain amplifier operating a high speed at a low supply voltage can be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiple feedback loop ring oscillator and delay cell with high oscillation voltage. It is an object of the present invention to implement a new ring oscillator for the VCO of a high speed PLL and a proper delay cell with a high speed and low noise. The apparatus is composed of multiple feedback loop ring oscillator that 4 delay cells which have the first main input stage, the second main input stage, the first subsidiary input stage, the second subsidiary input stage, the third subsidiary input stage, the forth subsidiary input stage, the first output stage and the second output stage is connected to the main loop and subsidiary loop. The present invention has advantages that it can be operated in high speed, it has a low power sensitivity, there is no power noise because there is no variation of a supply current and it can improve noise characteristics.