Abstract: To detect network faults or congestion of traffic at an interface of a gateway system for connecting an IP network and a telephone network on the side of the IP network and to allow the IP network to control alternative routing at the telephone network, network faults and congestion of traffic on the side of the IP network are monitored by the gateway system having an interface function between the telephone network and the IP network. When a network fault or congestion of traffic is detected, the gateway system notifies the telephone network upstream thereof of the disabled line and instructs the same to perform alternative routing, which makes it possible to prevent the occurrence of a situation in which the quality of communication at the interface between the telephone network and IP network can not be maintained.

Abstract: The cell output control apparatus includes a cell time slot allotment circuit for allotting, cells to be transmitted, to cell time slots with the cell transmission intervals changed, a first holder circuit for holding the value of ACR (Allowed Cell Rate), a first calculator circuit for calculating the ratio, LCR (Line Cell Rate)/ACR, a quantizer circuit for quantizing the ratio, LCR/ACR and controlling the allotment of cell time slots on the basis of the quantization error produced by the-quantization, a counter for counting the values of cell time slots, a second calculator circuit for calculating the cell time slots for cells, and a second holder circuit for holding the calculated results, whereby it is possible to absorb the quantization error produced when the ratio, LCR/ACR is quantized into an integral value.

Abstract: This invention provides a network management equipment and a packet switching equipment which eliminate a connection setup delay time, reduce a delay and a delay variation involved in data transfer, and effectively perform connectionless data flow processing in a large data network. The network is divided into a connection-oriented core network and a plurality of connectionless access networks connected to the core network where a plurality of connections (called permanent virtual route (PVR)) are set up among a plurality of edge nodes. The network management equipment selects one route from a plurality of PVRs for connectionless data flow received from one of the access networks and transfers data along the PVR.

Abstract: This invention provides a network management equipment and a packet switching equipment which eliminate a connection setup delay time, reduce a delay and a delay variation involved in data transfer, and effectively perform connectionless data flow processing in a large data network. The network is divided into a connection-oriented core network and a plurality of connectionless access networks connected to the core network where a plurality of connections (called permanent virtual route (PVR)) are set up among a plurality of edge nodes. The network management equipment selects one route from a plurality of PVRs for connectionless data flow received from one of the access networks and transfers data along the PVR.

Abstract: The cell output control apparatus includes a cell time slot allotment circuit for allotting, cells to be transmitted, to cell time slots with the cell transmission intervals changed, a first holder circuit for holding the value of ACR (Allowed Cell Rate), a first calculator circuit for calculating the ratio, LCR (Line Cell Rate)/ACR, a quantizer circuit for quantizing the ratio, LCR/ACR and controlling the allotment of cell time slots on the basis of the quantization error produced by the quantization, a counter for counting the values of cell time slots, a second calculator circuit for calculating the cell time slots for cells, and a second holder circuit for holding the calculated results, whereby it is possible to absorb the quantization error produced when the ratio, LCR/ACR is quantized into an integral value.

Abstract: Upon initialization, a VPC is set up between edge nodes. A control processor of each node creates an IP address/VPC mapping table using IP routing information and an address mapping table mapping correspondence between IP addresses and ATM addresses and supplied by a network management system. A gateway assigns a VCC to each packet input to the network. A sending-side edge node inputs the packet to the VPC corresponding to its destination by referring to the IP address/VPC mapping table. A transit node performs packet switching over VP. A receiving-side edge node transfers each packet to the gateway corresponding to its destination. If a series of packets meet a predetermined condition in a given edge node, its control processor sends VCC information to input interfaces of the edge node so that the packets are switched by an ATM switch in the edge node without intervention of the control processor.

Abstract: Upon initialization, a VPC is set up between edge nodes. A control processor of each node creates an IP address/VPC mapping table using IP routing information and an address mapping table mapping correspondence between IP addresses and ATM addresses and supplied by a network management system. A gateway assigns a VCC to each packet input to the network. A sending-side edge node inputs the packet to the VPC corresponding to its destination by referring to the IP address/VPC mapping table. A transit node performs packet switching over VP. A receiving-side edge node transfers each packet to the gateway corresponding to its destination. If a series of packets meet a predetermined condition in a given edge node, its control processor sends VCC information to input interfaces of the edge node so that the packets are switched by an ATM switch in the edge node without intervention of the control processor.

Abstract: This invention provides a network management equipment and a packet switching equipment which eliminate a connection setup delay time, reduce a delay and a delay variation involved in data transfer, and effectively perform connectionless data flow processing in a large data network. The network is divided into a connection-oriented core network and a plurality of connectionless access networks connected to the core network where a plurality of connections (called permanent virtual route (PVR)) are set up among a plurality of edge nodes. The network management equipment selects one route from a plurality of PVRs for connectionless data flow received from one of the access networks and transfers data along the PVR.

Abstract: The cell output control apparatus includes a cell time slot allotment circuit for allotting, cells to be transmitted, to cell time slots with the cell transmission intervals changed, a first holder circuit for holding the value of ACR (Allowed Cell Rate), a first calculator circuit for calculating the ratio, LCR (Line Cell Rate)/ACR, a quantizer circuit for quantizing the ratio, LCR/ACR and controlling the allotment of cell time slots on the basis of the quantization error produced by the quantization, a counter for counting the values of cell time slots, a second calculator circuit for calculating the cell time slots for cells, and a second holder circuit for holding the calculated results, whereby it is possible to absorb the quantization error produced when the ratio, LCR/ACR is quantized into an integral value.

Abstract: An optical transmission device which is used for a short range optical data link or an optical communication system for subscribers and more particularly requires no automatic optical power control minimizes the turn-on delay time of a laser diode and allows unformatted optical signal transmission by fixed level decision receiving system. By applying a fixed-bias electric current which is not more than the electric threshold current value of the laser diode to the laser diode, the turn-on delay time of the laser diode can be minimized, and the extinction level can be lowered by it, and the fixed level decision receiving system can be used, and the optical receiver circuit can be simplified more.

Abstract: A parallel optical transmission device is disclosed, which comprises a transmitter section having one or a plurality of transmitter modules converting one or a plurality of input electric signals into optical signals; a section consisting of bundles of optical waveguides 20i, j transmitting the optical signals; and a receiver section having one or a plurality of receiver modules reproducing the electric signals from the optical signals thus transmitted to output them; wherein all propagation delay times from the input electric signals to the output electric signals are set in predetermined regions.

Abstract: An optical transmission device which is used for a short range optical data link or an optical communication system for subscribers and more particularly requires no automatic optical power control minimizes the turn-on delay time of a laser diode and allows unformatted optical signal transmission by fixed level decision receiving system. By applying a fixed-bias electric current which is not more than the electric threshold current value of the laser diode to the laser diode, the turn-on delay time of the laser diode can be minimized, and the extinction level can be lowered by it, and the fixed level decision receiving system can be used, and the optical receiver circuit can be simplified more.

Abstract: A parallel optical transmission device is disclosed, which comprises a transmitter section having one or a plurality of transmitter modules converting one or a plurality of input electric signals into optical signals; a section consisting of bundles of optical waveguides 20i, j transmitting the optical signals; and a receiver section having one or a plurality of receiver modules reproducing the electric signals from the optical signals thus transmitted to output them; wherein all propagation delay times from the input electric signals to the output electric signals are set in predetermined regions.

Abstract: A parallel optical transmission device is disclosed, which comprises a transmitter section having one or a plurality of transmitter modules converting one or a plurality of input electric signals into optical signals; a section consisting of bundles of optical waveguides 20i, j transmitting the optical signals; and a receiver section having one or a plurality of receiver modules reproducing the electric signals from the optical signals thus transmitted to output them; wherein all propagation delay times from the input electric signals to the output electric signals are set in predetermined regions.

Abstract: A pipe coated with a resin layer on the inner surface and a method for manufacturing the pipe. According to the method, a resin mixture including thermal melting fluoro resin and fluorine elastomer is applied to the inner surface of a pipe member. The resin mixture is thermally treated on the inner surface of the pipe member to form a mesh like pattern so that a resin layer of a predetermined stripping strength is obtained.

Abstract: A packing material for sealing electronic devices having improved, higher thermal conductivity than amorphous silica-containing packing material. The packing material comprises a thermosetting resin and a filler particle comprising a core inorganic particle and an amorphous silica coating on the core particle. The core particle is made from material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of amorphous silica, for example, a metal nitride such as aluminum nitride or silicon nitride, or a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, or crystalline silicon dioxide. The amorphous silica coating may be formed by hydrolysis of alkoxysilane.

Abstract: An optical transmission time measuring device for an optical transmission path includes an optical bidirectional coupler having at least two input ports and at least two output ports. A pulse light source is connected to one of the input ports of the coupler and photodetector is connected to another one of the input ports. A timing control unit is used to time the pulse light source and the photodetector. A first optical connector is connected to one of the output ports for connecting a reference optical waveguide thereto and a second optical connector is connected to another one of the output ports for connecting a measured optical waveguide thereto.

Abstract: In a pipe coated with a resin layer on the inner surface thereof and a method for manufacturing the same, resin mixture including thermal melting fluoro resin and fluorine elastomer is applied to the inner surface of a pipe member. The resin mixture is thermally treated on the inner surface of the pipe member to be of a mesh like pattern so that a resin layer of a predetermined stripping strength is obtained thereon.

Abstract: In a heating/cooling unit for selectively heating or cooling a set of dies, oil received in a reservoir is supplied to a flow direction changeover valve by a first oil pump. In a stably mode, oil is returned to the reservoir through the changeover valve and a heat exchanger. In a heating mode, the oil is supplied to a second oil pump from the changeover valve through a check valve. The second oil pump supplies the oil to an oil heater, and the heated oil is introduced into a fluid path formed in the dies to heat the dies. The oil discharged from the fluid path of the dies is returned to the second oil pump. Thus, the heated oil is circulated in a closed loop in the heating mode. In a cooling mode, new oil is supplied to the fluid path of the dies from the changeover valve and the oil discharged from the fluid path is guided to the heat exchanger through a switching valve and the cooling oil is returned to the reservoir.

Abstract: A method for coating the inner surface of a metal tube with a metal layer consisting of one or more metals, the metal layer having a melting point lower than that of the metal tube, the method comprising;thinly applying a mixture consisting of a low melting point powder and a flux composition to the inner surface of the tube by the use of a plug, andheating the tube to which the mixture has been applied at a temperature being at least the melting point of the low melting point powder but lower than the melting point of the metal tube to fuse the powder.