Abstract: An improved calibration method for calibrating the measured value of an analyte in a liquid sample by referring to a calibration curve drawn by plotting the interrelation between the calibration values of n (n is an integer of not less than 2) calibrators containing different contents of the analyte and the measured values of the analyte contained in respective calibrators.

Abstract: A method for shortening the analysis time, without adversely affecting the accuracy in the colorimetric analysis of an analyte. The method including the steps of:(a) Measuring the optical density for two or more times at suitable time intervals after the beginning of reaction to follow the variation of optical density,(b) Judging based upon the optical density obtained at the earlier measurement whether the reaction is to be further continued or not,(c) When it is judged that the continuation of the reaction is not necessary in terms of analytical accuracy, selecting the calibration curve corresponding to the reaction time,(d) While, when it is judged that the continuation of the reaction is necessary, further continuing the reaction, and(e) Repeating steps (b) and (d) until the judgement that the continuation of the reaction is not necessary is obtained.

Abstract: In a method for quantitatively analyzing an analyte in a liquid sample by applying the liquid sample on one of a set of analytical elements and measuring a color developed in the analytical element through reflection photometory in which said set of analytical elements are the same elements as a standard element except for deviation of sensitivity to the analyte, but said deviation of sensitivity is essentially equivalent to each other among the set of analytical elements, the calibration curve of the standard element with respect to said analyte being predetermined, an improvement involving the preparation of a linear equation for defining a relationship between an optical reflection density value OD.sub.x to be measured on an analytical element belonging to said set of the analytical elements and an optical reflection density value OD.sub.s being predetermined on the standard analytical element, in which the optical reflection density values OD.sub.x and OD.sub.

Abstract: A biological reaction layer of a dry analytical element in the form of a composite porous layer in which a particulate material carrying a biologically active material fixed thereon is dispersed in a fibrous porous matrix, characterized in that the dry weight ratio of said particulate material to said fibrous material contained in said composite porous layer ranges from 1:20 to 1:0.3 and said particulate material is contained therein in the range of 1 to 60 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A dry type multilayer analysis element for assaying a concentration of a specific component utilizing a competitive immunological reaction comprises a detection element comprising a detection layer which receives a labelled complex formed as a result of the competitive immunological reaction or an optically detectable change formed dependent upon an amount of the labelled complex of the specific component and having further provided thereon the detection layer a reaction layer comprising a fibrous porous medium containing fine particles therein. The multilayer analysis element absorbs an amount of a sample solution necessary for the competitive immunological reaction so that the multilayer analysis element has high sensitivity and high reproducibility.

Abstract: An analysis film comprises a reagent layer composed of a porous material which contains an antibody but does not substantially contain a complex of an analyte or a labelled antigen with the antibody. In the analysis film, reagents for enzyme immune reaction of homogenous type are incorporated so that an analyte is analyzed without requiring B/F separation. An analysis method for various analytes using the same provides high sensitivity, high accuracy as well as good reproducibility and is simple and rapid.

Abstract: The amount of enzyme is determined by reacting an enzyme to be measured with a synthetic substrate having at least one structure to be specifically contacted with the enzyme and at least one spectral sensitizer structure, bringing either the reaction product having the spectral sensitizer structure or the unreacted synthetic substrate into contact with a silver halide emulsion layer, exposing the same to light of a spectral sensitizing wavelength region corresponding to the spectral sensitizer structure, developing the silver halide, and then measuring the optical density of developed silver and/or colored dye.