Abstract: A light emitting device includes an organic light emitting layer disposed on a substrate and first and second electrodes between which the organic light emitting layer is disposed on the substrate. The second electrode is formed on the opposite side to the substrate of the organic light emitting layer. A buffer layer is disposed between the second electrode and the organic light emitting layer and is mainly made of oxide having a smaller quantity of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of the buffer layer than that of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of the second electrode. Further, the substrate is made of metal.

Abstract: A self light emitting display device having high level of the external coupling efficiency and high grade image presentation as no optical cross-talk or blur can be obtained by a new light-emitting element. The device is constructed as follows. A plurality of picture elements, each of which picture elements has an organic layer composing light emitting areas, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrodes, are formed on a substrate. Between the picture elements, a bank which has a tilted reflective surface is formed so that the light emitting area is surrounded by the bank wherein the transparent optical waveguide layer is formed as optically isolated for each of the picture elements.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display device emits light by applying a voltage by an image signal between an upper electrode (23) and a lower electrode which sandwich an organic electro-luminescence layer. The organic electro-luminescence layer comprises an electron transporting layer, a light emitting layer, and a hole transporting layer. The electron transporting layer includes an organic material and cesium, and has a moisture absorbing characteristic. A structure in which the same materials as the electron transporting layer are used and which has a different constituent composition and a greater amount of cesium is used as a desiccant (40) and placed in a region which does not overlap the organic electro-luminescence layer, to effectively remove moisture inside the organic electro-luminescence display device.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first substrate, a first connector disposed on a top face of the first substrate, a to-be-fixed member disposed on a back face of the first substrate, a second substrate disposed facing the first substrate, a second connector disposed on the second substrate and connected to the first connector, and a fixing module disposed on the second substrate and pivoting a locking arm using a rotating shaft, wherein the to-be-fixed member is pushed by a pushing portion provided at a tip of the locking arm when the locking arm is at a first position.

Abstract: A fastening structure includes first and second board-like members to be fastened, a stopping and anchoring part for latching these board-like members to be fastened, and a stopping and anchoring part holding board-like member between the first and second board-like members to be fastened. For a hole of a first inner diameter formed in the first board-like member to be fastened, and a hole of a second inner diameter formed in the second board-like member to be fastened, a smaller hole of a third inner diameter is formed in the stopping and anchoring part holding board-like member, and the impact of gap of the member in production tolerance is avoided thus enhancing the fastening function.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an organic light emitting element having a high efficiency and a high quality in which electron and hole injection efficiency of an electrode is reproduced in an insulated or contaminated first electrode. In an organic light emitting display apparatus, a substrate, a first electrode, an insulation film bank formed so as to cover edges of the first electrode, a metal thin film formed on the first electrode and the insulation film bank, an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode are disposed in the cited order. A lower part of a side face of the insulation film bank takes a reverse tapered shape.

Abstract: The present invention enhances a display quality of a display device as a task. As means for solving such a task, the present invention provides a display device including a light emitting element and a switching element in a pixel, wherein the switching element is provided for supplying a power source to the light emitting element and is constituted of a first switching element and a second switching element.

Abstract: A self light emitting display device having high level of the external coupling efficiency and high grade image presentation as no optical cross-talk or blur can be obtained by a new light-emitting element. The device is constructed as follows. A plurality of picture elements, each of which picture elements has an organic layer composing light emitting areas, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrodes, are formed on a substrate. Between the picture elements, a bank which has a tilted reflective surface is formed so that the light emitting area is surrounded by the bank wherein the transparent optical waveguide layer is formed as optically isolated for each of the picture elements.

Abstract: The present invention enhances a display quality of a display device as a task. As means for solving such a task, the present invention provides a display device including a light emitting element and a switching element in a pixel, wherein the switching element is provided for supplying a power source to the light emitting element and is constituted of a first switching element and a second switching element.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an organic light emitting element having a high efficiency and a high quality in which electron and hole injection efficiency of an electrode is reproduced in an insulated or contaminated first electrode. In an organic light emitting display apparatus, a substrate, a first electrode, an insulation film bank formed so as to cover edges of the first electrode, a metal thin film formed on the first electrode and the insulation film bank, an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode are disposed in the cited order. A lower part of a side face of the insulation film bank takes a reverse tapered shape.

Abstract: The present invention provides a top-emission-type organic EL display device. In a top-emission-type organic EL display device which includes organic EL elements each of which is formed by stacking a reflective lower electrode, a function layer and a light-transmissive upper electrode in order, the upper electrode contains a plurality of fine particles which are made of a material different from a material of the upper electrode. The fine particles are preferably made of silica. A portion of the upper electrode may be provided below the fine particles and a portion of the upper electrode may be provided above the fine particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides OLEDs of the top emission type comprising organic light-emitting (LE) elements by preventing the problems such as the widening of the power lines, the reduction in the aperture ratio caused by the widening of the upper and the lower capacitor electrodes and the short circuit between the upper and the lower electrodes caused by the roughness of the flattening layers. Two kinds of the OLEDs are provided. One is an OLED comprising a region of LE layer sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes is formed on a power line of TFT for driving the pixel. Another comprises a region of the LE layer formed on an electrode of capacitor connected to the TFTs to control the light-emitting element. Accordingly, without forming a flattening layer on the light-emitting layer, there is no electric short circuit between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a top-emission-type organic EL display device. In a top-emission-type organic EL display device which includes organic EL elements each of which is formed by stacking a reflective lower electrode, a function layer and a light-transmissive upper electrode in order, the upper electrode contains a plurality of fine particles which are made of a material different from a material of the upper electrode. The fine particles are preferably made of silica. A portion of the upper electrode may be provided below the fine particles and a portion of the upper electrode may be provided above the fine particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a top emission type organic light emitting display apparatus in which manufacture it is possible to prevent the organic film from being oxidized when the upper transparent electrode is formed, and which is capable of emitting light at a low voltage. This organic light emitting display apparatus includes an organic light emitting layer and an upper electrode and a lower electrode sandwiching the said organic light emitting layer between them, and is of a structure in which the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is taken out from the upper electrode side, wherein a buffer layer mostly made of an oxide with its Gibbs free energy generated at around the melting point being lower than ?300 kJ/mol is provided between the organic light emitting layer and the upper electrode, the side of the organic layer which is in contact with the buffer layer being doped with an electron donative dopant.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display device emits light by applying a voltage by an image signal between an upper electrode (23) and a lower electrode which sandwich an organic electro-luminescence layer. The organic electro-luminescence layer comprises an electron transporting layer, a light emitting layer, and a hole transporting layer. The electron transporting layer includes an organic material and cesium, and has a moisture absorbing characteristic. A structure in which the same materials as the electron transporting layer are used and which has a different constituent composition and a greater amount of cesium is used as a desiccant (40) and placed in a region which does not overlap the organic electro-luminescence layer, to effectively remove moisture inside the organic electro-luminescence display device.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic EL display device with high detection accuracy which can enhance both of light emission efficiency and light reception efficiency. In an organic EL display device which includes organic thin film elements, a power source line is connected to the organic thin film elements via drive TFTs, a signal line is connected to a gate of the drive TFT to supply a potential corresponding to a gray scale signal, a switch is provided for connecting the signal line and the organic thin film element, and the switch is controlled to allow an electric current which is obtained by photoelectric conversion with the organic thin film element to flow in the signal line and the organic thin film element during a period in which a gray scale signal is not applied to the signal line.

Abstract: The positive electrode current collector for a manganese dry battery of the present invention comprises a carbon rod, and either one of a paraffin wax containing hydrocarbon whose molecular weight is 300 to 500 and a microcrystalline wax containing hydrocarbon whose molecular weight is 500 to 800, which is impregnated into the carbon rod, is characterized in that the endothermic amount of the paraffin wax or the microcrystalline wax obtained by differential scanning calorimetry up to 45° C. is not more than 1.0 J/g. This enables the manganese dry battery employing the positive electrode current collector of the present invention to keep its sealing performance in a good condition during high-temperature storage even with the use of a low-density carbon rod.

Abstract: Conventional light-emitting elements, in particular an organic electroluminescence devices, involve problems resulting from a low light extraction efficiency of 20% or less, because of limitations on light emission set by total reflection angle on an organic layer or transparent electrode as the component, and are demanded to have improved luminance and other optical characteristics which depend on viewing angle. The present invention provides an organic electroluminescence device which can improve a light extraction efficiency and thereby reduce operational current and power consumption by incorporating a laminate of optical thin films of low refractive index and having pores whose size is controlled at a level equivalent to or shorter than visible wavelengths, because the light components totally reflected to become wave-guided or reflected light in a common device can be extracted as light scattered by the pores.

Abstract: A self light emitting display device having high level of the external coupling efficiency and high grade image presentation as no optical cross-talk or blur can be obtained by a new light-emitting element. The device is constructed as follows. A plurality of picture elements, each of which picture elements has an organic layer composing light emitting areas, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrodes, are formed on a substrate. Between the picture elements, a bank which has a tilted reflective surface is formed so that the light emitting area is surrounded by the bank wherein the transparent optical waveguide layer is formed as optically isolated for each of the picture elements.

Abstract: By adopting the structure of this invention in which a transparent electrically conductive film is used in both of anode 202A and cathode 202B of an organic light emitting element having a hole transporting layer 203, a light emitting layer 204, an electron transporting layer 205 and an electron injecting layer 206, providing films having a light reflecting function 201 and 207 on the outside of the anode and cathode, and thereby making the gap between them function as a light vibrator, there can be obtained an organic light emitting element with which the above-mentioned two problems can be solved simultaneously.