Abstract: A method of treating oral cancer is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing at least one photodynamic treatment comprising the steps of (i) applying a composition comprising improved toluidine blue to oral cells; wherein the composition comprises a greater percentage by weight of the conformational isomers of toluidine blue compared to the N-demethylated derivatives thereof; and wherein the composition localizes to oral cancer cells; and activating the applied composition, thereby killing the oral cancer cells.

Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes can be treated or ameliorated by the administration of substance P analogs as disclosed herein.

Abstract: Neuropeptides are used to treat mammals which have depletion of count of one or more blood cell types. Intramuscular administration or administration via inhalation causes the blood cell count to increase.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions useful for the replenishment of blood cells in a mammal after exposure to therapeutic radiation or drugs. Radiation illness can be reduced in animals by treatment with substance P analogs. In one embodiment, granulocytes can be regenerated after therapeutic radiation by the administration of a substance P analog. In one embodiment, substance P analogs are useful for reducing PARP activity or PARP expression. In one embodiment, substance P analogs are useful for preventing, reducing or ameliorating adverse effects of drugs. In one embodiment, drug induced blood dyscrasias can be ameliorated by the methods and compositions provided herein.

Abstract: Neuropeptides are used to treat mammals who have been exposed to or who are suspected of having been exposed to spores of Bacillus anthracis. The treatment provides a dose-dependent protection from the lethal consequences of infections.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for stimulating or promoting fibroblast proliferation. In one embodiment, provided herein are methods and compositions for promoting or enhancing wound healing.

Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes can be treated or ameliorated by the administration of substance P analogs as disclosed herein.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation with substance P or a substance P analog. In one embodiment, the methods provide for stimulating or promoting stem cell differentiation by contacting a stem cell with substance P or a substance P analog. In another embodiment, the methods provide for administering to subject an effective amount of substance P or a substance P analog to treat an illness, disease or disorder.