Abstract: A luminous flux collector comprises a housing, a wide-angle light capturing device and an optical collimating device, arranged around a longitudinal axis. The housing surrounds and protects the wide-angle light capturing device and the optical collimating device. The housing also provides structural support to hold the other elements in position. The wide-angle light capturing device can include a receptacle for receiving a light source, and the wide-angle light capturing device collects light with a spread angle of at least 120 degrees from the light source. The wide-angle light capturing device is disposed within a proximal end of the housing along the longitudinal axis. The optical collimating device extends from the wide-angle light capturing device to a distal end of the housing along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A luminous flux collector comprises a housing, a wide-angle light capturing device and an optical collimating device, arranged around a longitudinal axis. The housing surrounds and protects the wide-angle light capturing device and the optical collimating device. The housing also provides structural support to hold the other elements in position. The wide-angle light capturing device can include a receptacle for receiving a light source, and the wide-angle light capturing device collects light with a spread angle of at least 120 degrees from the light source. The wide-angle light capturing device is disposed within a proximal end of the housing along the longitudinal axis. The optical collimating device extends from the wide-angle light capturing device to a distal end of the housing along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A luminous flux collector comprises a housing, a wide-angle light capturing device and an optical collimating device, arranged around a longitudinal axis. The housing surrounds and protects the wide-angle light capturing device and the optical collimating device. The housing also provides structural support to hold the other elements in position. The wide-angle light capturing device can include a receptacle for receiving a light source, and the wide-angle light capturing device collects light with a spread angle of at least 120 degrees from the light source. The wide-angle light capturing device is disposed within a proximal end of the housing along the longitudinal axis. The optical collimating device extends from the wide-angle light capturing device to a distal end of the housing along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A method for deposit mitigation in a gaseous fuel injector that introduces a gaseous fuel through a gaseous fuel orifice directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes at least one of a) reducing the ago length of the gaseous fuel orifice by substantially between 10% to 50% of a previous length of a previous gaseous fuel orifice showing deposit accumulation above a predetermined threshold; b) providing the gaseous fuel orifice with an inwardly and substantially linearly tapering profile; c) determining deposit mitigation is needed; and performing at least one of the following deposit mitigation techniques i) increasing gaseous fuel injection pressure wherein deposit accumulation is reduced during fuel injection; and ii) decreasing gaseous fuel temperature wherein a rate of deposit accumulation is reduced; and d) injecting compressed air through the gaseous fuel orifice during shutdown of the internal combustion engine; whereby torque loss in the internal combustion engine due to

Abstract: Fuel injection accuracy of gaseous fuel injectors is important for efficient engine operation. However, the performance of the injectors varies from part to part and across their lifetime, and when an injector is under performing according to its specification it is often unknown what is causing the problem. An apparatus for operating a gaseous fuel injector in an engine comprises a mass flow sensor that generates a signal representative of the mass flow rate of the gaseous fuel in a supply conduit in the engine.

Abstract: A luminous flux collector comprises a housing, a wide-angle light capturing device and an optical collimating device, arranged around a longitudinal axis. The housing surrounds and protects the wide-angle light capturing device and the optical collimating device. The housing also provides structural support to hold the other elements in position. The wide-angle light capturing device can include a receptacle for receiving a light source, and the wide-angle light capturing device collects light with a spread angle of at least 120 degrees from the light source. The wide-angle light capturing device is disposed within a proximal end of the housing along the longitudinal axis. The optical collimating device extends from the wide-angle light capturing device to a distal end of the housing along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A method for deposit mitigation in a gaseous fuel injector that introduces a gaseous fuel through a gaseous fuel orifice directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes at least one of a) reducing the ago length of the gaseous fuel orifice by substantially between 10% to 50% of a previous length of a previous gaseous fuel orifice showing deposit accumulation above a predetermined threshold; b) providing the gaseous fuel orifice with an inwardly and substantially linearly tapering profile; c) determining deposit mitigation is needed; and performing at least one of the following deposit mitigation techniques i) increasing gaseous fuel injection pressure wherein deposit accumulation is reduced during fuel injection; and ii) decreasing gaseous fuel temperature wherein a rate of deposit accumulation is reduced; and d) injecting compressed air through the gaseous fuel orifice during shutdown of the internal combustion engine; whereby torque loss in the internal combustion engine due to

Abstract: Fuel injection accuracy of gaseous fuel injectors is important for efficient engine operation. However, the performance of the injectors varies from part to part and across their lifetime, and when an injector is under performing according to its specification it is often unknown what is causing the problem. An apparatus for operating a gaseous fuel injector in an engine comprises a mass flow sensor that generates a signal representative of the mass flow rate of the gaseous fuel in a supply conduit in the engine.

Abstract: A method of protecting a direct injection fuel injector in a multi-fuel engine, the method includes selectively operating the multi-fuel engine with a directly injected fuel introduced through the direct injection fuel injector and a second fuel; when fuelling the multi-fuel engine with the second fuel, selectively commanding a fuel system protection technique when determining that the direct injection fuel injector requires cooling, an age of directly injected fuel is above a predetermined value, transmission status has changed, an engine shutdown event has occurred and a global positioning system signal indicates an engine shutdown event will occur; wherein the fuel system protection technique includes commanding that the directly injected fuel be a portion of total fuel consumed and reducing quantities of the second fuel that is injected so that total fuel consumed equals a desired amount of fuel measured on an energy basis.

Abstract: A method of protecting a direct injection fuel injector in a multi-fuel engine, the method includes selectively operating the multi-fuel engine with a directly injected fuel introduced through the direct injection fuel injector and a second fuel; when fuelling the multi-fuel engine with the second fuel, selectively commanding a fuel system protection technique when determining that the direct injection fuel injector requires cooling, an age of directly injected fuel is above a predetermined value, transmission status has changed, an engine shutdown event has occurred and a global positioning system signal indicates an engine shutdown event will occur; wherein the fuel system protection technique includes commanding that the directly injected fuel be a portion of total fuel consumed and reducing quantities of the second fuel that is injected so that total fuel consumed equals a desired amount of fuel measured on an energy basis.