Abstract: An embodiment magnetic memory device based on perpendicular exchange bias includes a non-magnetic layer, a ferromagnetic layer bonded on the non-magnetic layer, wherein a magnetization direction of the ferromagnetic layer is randomly distributed, and an anti-ferromagnetic layer bonded on the ferromagnetic layer. An embodiment method of manufacturing a magnetic memory device includes preparing the magnetic memory device based on perpendicular exchange bias, the preparing including bonding a ferromagnetic layer on a non-magnetic layer and bonding an anti-ferromagnetic layer on the ferromagnetic layer, and demagnetizing the ferromagnetic layer of the magnetic memory device, wherein a magnetization direction of the ferromagnetic layer is randomly distributed.

Abstract: An embodiment spin-orbit torque device array includes a plurality of single devices, each device including a non-magnetic layer, a magnetic layer bonded to the non-magnetic layer, and an upper layer bonded to the magnetic layer, wherein the upper layer includes oxide, and wherein a magnetization state of each of the single devices has only two states, the two states being an up state and a down state.

Abstract: A spin-orbit-torque (SOT)-based magnetic sensor is provided. The magnetic sensor includes a substrate, an electrode layer formed on the substrate, and a pair of first and second sensing elements stacked on the substrate so as to be connected to the electrode layer, wherein directions of respective currents flowing through the first and second sensing elements via the electrode layer are opposite to each other.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor using a spin-orbit torque (SOT) and a sensing method using the same, include an SOT channel layer made of a heavy metal material, a ferromagnetic layer stacked on the SOT channel layer, and a protective layer stacked on the ferromagnetic layer, wherein an SOT is generated due to a current applied to the SOT channel layer to vary magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer, and the magnetic sensor which utilizes an SOT with a fast response speed and high sensitivity using a simplified metal thin film structure in which the SOT is generated is provided.

Abstract: A weight confirmation method for analog synaptic devices of an artificial neural network includes: learning artificial neural network hardware based on artificial analog memory devices using an artificial neural network learning algorithm; after the learning of the artificial neural network hardware, reading a total weight of a pair of synaptic devices; comparing the total weight of the pair of synaptic devices with 0; applying weights to a positive synaptic device and a negative synaptic device of the pair of synaptic devices, respectively; and confirming the total weight of the pair of synaptic devices in accordance with the weight of the positive synaptic device and the weight of the negative synaptic device. A retention problem of analog synaptic devices is overcome and thus the artificial neural network may stably operate.

Abstract: A three-terminal synaptic device includes a substrate; a source electrode and a drain electrode which are provided on the substrate and spaced apart from each other. The three-terminal synaptic device further includes: a channel layer provided on the substrate, the source electrode, and the drain electrode; an ion reservoir layer which stores active ions; a gate electrode provided on the ion reservoir layer; and an ion barrier layer disposed between the ion reservoir layer. In particular, the channel layer controls movement of active ions between the ion reservoir layer and the channel layer. The three-terminal synaptic device inhibits rapid movement of ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a binding molecule that binds to SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). More particularly, the binding molecule of the present invention has strong ability to bind to a spike protein (S protein) on the surface of SARS-coronavirus-2 and high neutralizing activity against SARS-coronavirus-2 and is thus very useful in the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of SARS-coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spin-orbit torque device including a lower ferromagnetic layer, a non-magnetic layer bonded to the lower ferromagnetic layer, and an upper ferromagnetic layer bonded to the non-magnetic layer, wherein a magnetization orientation of the lower ferromagnetic layer is randomly distributed. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a magnetic memory device which cannot be physically duplicated and has reconfigurability using a spin-orbit torque.

Abstract: A neuromorphic hardware apparatus based on a resistive memory array includes a resistive memory array in which a plurality of synaptic resistor elements are arranged. Each synaptic resistor element is changed in its resistance value depending on a voltage pulse applied thereto and stores the resistance value for a predetermined time. The apparatus also includes a neuron circuit configured to receive an output signal from the resistive memory array and to output a voltage signal to another resistive memory array. The neuron circuit includes a temperature compensation unit, which compensates for an output voltage of the resistive memory array on the basis of an operating temperature of the resistive memory array. Even when a resistive memory array outputs an abnormal output depending on an operating temperature, by compensating a neuron circuit for an input value, it is possible to prevent an operation error from occurring.

Abstract: A device for generating a digital random encryption key includes an input unit adding a non-volatile active element for overcoming a limit of a passive element when generating an encryption key, applying a random passive filter, and inputting an analog voltage signal to an encryption key generator, an encryption key generator including a non-volatile active element and a passive filter, connected to the input unit through a connection substrate, and generating a random encryption key from an entropy source, and a converter for converting a signal generated by the encryption key generator into a digital signal and outputting the digital signal is provided, thereby improving robustness of security compared to the case of applying the general passive element, allowing regeneration or random generation, and generating an excellent encryption key working excellently for physical reverse engineering violations.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a head unit that suctions foreign substances from a surface to be cleaned together with air. The head unit includes a first suction guide having a first suction chamber therein and a second suction guide disposed on a rear side of the first suction guide and having a second suction chamber therein, and the first suction chamber suctions air through a first degree of vacuum and the second suction chamber suctions air through a second degree of vacuum higher than the first degree of vacuum.

Abstract: Disclosed are a dirt suction guide device and a cleaner comprising the same. The disclosed cleaner comprises: a cleaner body for generating a suction force; a flexible hose connected to the cleaner body; an extension tube connected to the flexible hose; and a dirt suction guide device separately coupled to the extension tube, wherein the dirt suction guide device comprises a body, a movable portion, which is connected to one side of the body, and which is coupled to be able to slide with regard to the body, and a connecting portion, which is connected to the other side of the body, and which connects the body to the extension tube, and the body is hinge-coupled such that the same can selectively maintain and change an angle with regard to the extension tube.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module mounted on an uneven surface (a curved surface or an irregular surface) to reduce thermal boundary resistance and significantly improve thermoelectric power generation efficiency is provided. The thermoelectric module includes one or more first thermoelectric elements, one or more second thermoelectric elements having opposite polarity to that of the first thermoelectric elements and alternating with the first thermoelectric element. An electrode unit in provided and includes upper and lower electrodes configured to electrically connect the first and second thermoelectric elements. A connection member is configured to connect the first and second thermoelectric elements to vary the relative positions of the first and second thermoelectric elements.

Abstract: A thermoelectric generating system may include a base substrate configured to be installed at a side of a vehicle exhaust line part; and at least one thermoelectric module configured to be installed on a top surface of the base substrate, in which a side of the exhaust line part is provided with an opening communicating with an internal space of the exhaust line part, the base substrate is installed to seal the opening of the exhaust line part, and the base substrate is made of a thermal conductive material and a surface of the base substrate is formed with an insulating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite comprising a graphene oxide and a nanodiamond that is chemically bonded on a surface of the graphene oxide.

Abstract: A thermoelectric nanocomposite is provided. The thermoelectric nanocomposite includes: a matrix having n-type semiconductor characteristics and comprising Mg, Si, Al, and Bi components, and a nanoinclusion comprising Bi and Mg components. The thermoelectric nanocomposite has significantly increased thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency by simultaneously having an increased Seebeck coefficient and a decreased thermal conductivity, such that the thermoelectric nanocomposite is usefully used to implement a thermoelectric device having high efficiency.

Abstract: A housing for a thermoelectric module can stably protect individual elements of the thermoelectric module such as thermoelectric elements, electrodes, and insulating boards, while maintaining power generation performance of the thermoelectric module. The housing for a thermoelectric module includes: a housing enveloping at least one thermoelectric module; and a heat barrier unit configured to prevent a flow of heat from being transferred through a sidewall of the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a thermoelectric module is provided. The apparatus includes a thermoelectric element interposed between a lower substrate that includes a lower electrode and an upper substrate that includes an upper electrode. Additionally, the apparatus includes a first block that is configured to support the lower substrate and a second block that is configured to move vertically with respect to the first block and support the upper substrate. A jig is configured to position the thermoelectric element in connection with the upper electrode and the lower electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a thermoelectric module is provided. The thermoelectric module includes thermoelectric pellets, first electrodes, second electrodes, and an insulating substrate. The apparatus includes a fixing tray to which the thermoelectric module is fixed, a first die including a first heating member configured to heat a first adhesive layer, which is interposed between the thermoelectric pellets and the first electrodes. The fixing tray is mounted on the first die such that the insulating substrate faces the first heating member. A second die includes a second heating member configured to heat a second adhesive layer, which is interposed between the thermoelectric pellets and the second electrodes, the second die facing the second electrodes. A transfer unit is configured to transfer at least one of the first die and the second die to adjust a distance between the first die and the second die.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module mounted on an uneven surface (a curved surface or an irregular surface) to reduce thermal boundary resistance and significantly improve thermoelectric power generation efficiency is provided. The thermoelectric module includes one or more first thermoelectric elements, one or more second thermoelectric elements having opposite polarity to that of the first thermoelectric elements and alternating with the first thermoelectric element. An electrode unit in provided and includes upper and lower electrodes configured to electrically connect the first and second thermoelectric elements. A connection member is configured to connect the first and second thermoelectric elements to vary the relative positions of the first and second thermoelectric elements.