Abstract: A distributor bottom, particularly a nozzle-type distributor bottom, for steadily introducing process gas, especially process gas loaded with solid particles, into a process chamber, optionally to create a fluidized bed. The process chamber is disposed above the distributor bottom and is formed by walls of a reactor used for metallurgically, particularly thermally, treating feedstock. The distributor bottom is provided with a plurality of holes. Holes are arranged near the walls to prevent substances from attaching to the reactor walls. Special arrangements relate to nozzles and ducts.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing molten iron includes i) at least one fluidized-bed reduction reactor that converts iron ore into reduced materials by reducing and plasticizing the iron ore, ii) a melter-gasifier into which the reduced materials are charged and oxygen is injected such that the melter-gasifier manufactures molten iron, and iii) a reducing gas supply line that supplies a reducing gas discharged from the melter-gasifier into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor. The fluidized-bed reduction reactor includes a gas injector that injects a gas into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor to remove stagnating layers.

Abstract: A distributor bottom, particularly a nozzle-type distributor bottom, for steadily introducing process gas, especially process gas loaded with solid particles, into a process chamber, optionally to create a fluidized bed. The process chamber is disposed above the distributor bottom and is formed by walls of a reactor used for metallurgically, particularly thermally, treating feedstock. The distributor bottom is provided with a plurality of holes. Holes are arranged near the walls to prevent substances from attaching to the reactor walls. Special arrangements relate to nozzles and ducts.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing molten iron includes i) at least one fluidized-bed reduction reactor that converts iron ore into reduced materials by reducing and plasticizing the iron ore, ii) a melter-gasifier into which the reduced materials are charged and oxygen is injected such that the melter-gasifier manufactures molten iron, and iii) a reducing gas supply line that supplies a reducing gas discharged from the melter-gasifier into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor. The fluidized-bed reduction reactor includes a gas injector that injects a gas into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor to remove stagnating layers.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reduction reactor (100) for supplying a reduced iron to a melter-gasifier (1) of a smelting reduction system includes an exhaust gas supply unit (3) for supplying an exhaust gas to a reduction gas supply tube (4) interconnecting the melter-gasifier (1) and fluidized bed reduction furnaces (20, 30, 40) when the pressure of the reduction gas in each fluidized bed reduction furnace radically decreases with the occurrence of pressure peak in the melter-gasifier (1). The fluidized bed reduction reactors further include iron ore flow blockage prevention units for directly bypassing some of the reduction gas from each iron ore discharge tube (33, 43) disposed between the neighboring furnaces to the scrubber (50) when the inner pressure of the melter-gasifier (1) radically increases with the occurrence of pressure peak, and a backup gas supply unit supplying a backup nitrogen gas to the bottom of each fluidized bed reduction furnace when a nozzle of a distribution plate (24, 34, 44) is clogged.

Abstract: A smelting reduction apparatus which separates exhaust gas, which is exhausted from a melter-gasifier or a fluidized bed reactor, into dusts and reducing gas to supply them to each fluidized bed reactor respectively is disclosed, in which the smelting reduction apparatus includes a three-stage type fluidized bed reactor, a melter-gasifier for manufacturing molten pig iron by finally reducing the fine iron ores of which reaction is finished in a final fluidized bed reactor, and a dust separating device, which performs separation of exhausted gas from the melter-gasifier into dusts and reducing gas, so as to supply the separated reducing gas to a lower part of the final fluidized bed reactor, dusts having a larger particle sizes in the separated dusts to the melter-gasifier again, and fine dusts having a smaller particle sizes in the separated dusts to an upper part of a gas distributor of the final fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A two-stage fluidized bed reducing apparatus and a reducing method for fine iron ore of a wide particle size distribution with an increased degree of utilization of the reducing gas. Fine iron particles dropping through the holes of a gas distributor can be recycled into the fluidized bed furnace, thereby preventing an impediment of the reducing gas flow due to abnormal defluidizing or channeling. A first fluidized bed furnace dries, pre-heats and pre-reduces the fine iron ore, and a second fluidized bed furnace finally reduces the pre-reduced iron ore. Downstream of the respective fluidized beds are installed intermediate hoppers and gas/solid sealing valves. Thus, the fine iron ore particles which drop through the holes of gas distributors during the abnormal operation are recycled to the furnaces. Accordingly, the gas flow is not impeded.

Abstract: A smelting reduction apparatus which separates exhaust gas, which is exhausted from a melter-gasifier or a fluidized bed reactor, into dusts and reducing gas to supply them to each fluidized bed reactor respectively is disclosed, in which the smelting reduction apparatus includes a three-stage type fluidized bed reactor, a melter-gasifier for manufacturing molten pig iron by finally reducing the fine iron ores of which reaction is finished in a final fluidized bed reactor, and a dust separating device, which performs separation of exhausted gas from the melter-gasifier into dusts and reducing gas, so as to supply the separated reducing gas to a lower part of the final fluidized bed reactor, dusts having a larger particle sizes in the separated dusts to the melter-gasifier again, and fine dusts having a smaller particle sizes in the separated dusts to an upper part of a gas distributor of the final fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reduction reactor has a plurality of fluidized bed reactors (10) with inner gas distributors (19). A charge duct (12) passes through the top of the fluidized bed reactor (10) with a free end to charge a fine iron ore into said reactor (10). The free end of the iron ore charging duct (12) is positioned close to the top center of the gas distributor (19). A spiral-shaped partition weir (13) is placed over the gas distributor and surrounds the iron ore charging duct (12) while being spirally extended to an inner wall of the fluidized bed reactor (10) where it is fixed. The fine iron ore is fluidized and reduced while spirally flowing from the center of the fluidized bed reactor (10) to its inner wall. In this structure, the back mixture phenomenon where the reacted fine iron ore is mixed with the non-reacted fine iron ore does not occur.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for manufacturing molten pig iron by using a fine iron ore are disclosed. Coal is used to produce a reducing gas, and a fine iron ore is used to produce a molten iron and a reduced iron in a simple and efficient manner. The apparatus for manufacturing a molten iron by directly using coal as the fuel is as follows. A high temperature reducing gas is sent from a melter-gasifier to a fluidized bed lime stone calcining furnace to calcine the lime stone. The reducing gas is supplied to a second fluidized bed reducing furnace so as to manufacture a reduced iron directly. An off-gas from the second fluidized bed reducing furnace is supplied to a first fluidized bed reducing furnace (disposed above the second fluidized bed reducing furnace) to pre-heat and pre-reduce the fine iron ore. The calcined lime stone and the finally reduced iron are supplied to a melter-gasifier to manufacture a molten pig iron.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reducing system for reducing a fine iron ore is disclosed, in which the structure of the fluidized bed reducing furnace is improved such that the coarse iron ore particles are distributed in the lower portion of the fluidized bed within the furnace and the fine iron ore particles are distributed in the upper portion of the fluidized bed. Thus, the average residence times of the particles in the furnace are adjusted differently for different ore sizes, so that the reducing efficiency can be improved, and that the residence time of the reducing gas in the furnace can be extended, thereby improving the degree of gas utilization.

Abstract: A 3-stage fluidized bed type iron ore reducing apparatus having X shaped circulating tubes is disclosed for forming a gas pore fluidizing layer of a fine iron ore, and for drying/pre-heating it to reduce it, so that the gas utilization rate and the reducing rate can be improved, as well as decreasing the gas consumption rate.

Abstract: A device for three-stage fluidized bed for reducing a fine iron ore in accordance with the present invention comprises: a first single-type fluidized bed furnace for drying/pre-heating a fine iron ore in a bubbling fluidized state; a first cyclone for collecting fine iron ore particles entrained in an exhaust gas from the first fluidized bed furnace; a second single-type fluidized bed furnace for pre-reducing the fine iron ore dried/pre-heated in the first fluidized bed furnace; a second cyclone for collecting fine iron ore particles entrained in an exhaust gas from the second fluidized bed furnace; a third twin-type fluidized bed furnace comprising a first cylindrical reaction furnace and a second reaction furnace for finally reducing coarse iron ore particles and medium/fine iron ore particles, respectively, which are pre-reduced in the second fluidized bed furnace; a third cyclone for collecting medium/fine iron ore particles entrained in an exhaust gas from the first reaction furnace of the third fluidize

Abstract: A reduction apparatus and a method for efficient reduction of fine iron ores of wide grain range comprising serially arranged a drying/preheating furnace, a first reducing furnace for prereduction and a second reduction furnace for final reduction, each working with bubbling fluidized bed and being connected each to a cyclone for capturing iron ore dust contained in the exhaust gases, having each a tapered shape smoothly expanded outwards and thus considerably decreasing elutriation of fine particles, increasing the reduction efficiency and enhancing the utilization of the reducing gas.

Abstract: A three-stage, fluidized-bed-type reduction apparatus and a method for using it for reducing fine iron ores of wide size ranges, improving the gas utilization and reduction degree, reducing the residence time of iron ores, and increasing the prereduction rate of reduced iron. The apparatus includes serially arranged a drying/preheating furnace with a first cyclone connected to it, a primary prereduction furnace with a second cyclone connected to it, a secondary high-gas-velocity reduction furnace for finally reducing only a coarse ore portion of the prereduced iron ores at a bubbling fluidized state while carrying over the medium/fine ore portion of the iron ores, a secondary low-gas-velocity reduction furnace for finally reducing the medium/fine ores forming a bubbling fluidized bed thereof, an inner cyclone installed in the secondary low-gas-velocity reduction furnace, and a third cyclone for capturing dusty ores not captured by the inner cyclone.