Abstract: A layer system in particular for tools or machine components operated under insufficient lubrication or under dry operation conditions, is proposed, which system, starting from the base body, comprises a hard substance layer system, subsequently a metallic layer and finally a slide layer system, the last mentioned preferably made of Carbide, in particular of Tungstencarbide or Chromiumcarbide and dispersed Carbon.

Abstract: There is proposed a tool with a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system comprises at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or carbon. The tool has a tool body of high speed steel (HSS) or of cemented carbide, but it is not a solid carbide end mill and not a solid carbide ball nose mill. In the MeX layer the quotient QI as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to I(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray diffraction of the material using ?-2? method is selected to be ?1. Further, the I(200) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: A layer system in particular for tools or machine components operated under insufficient lubrication or under dry operation conditions, is proposed, which system, starting from the base body, comprises a hard substance layer system, subsequently a metallic layer and finally a slide layer system, the last mentioned preferably made of Carbide, in particular of Tungstencarbide or Chromiumcarbide and dispersed Carbon.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a tool or machine component increases wear resistance by providing a base body made of a metal or of a hard metal and having a surface. At least a portion of the surface is vacuum coated with a hard solid layer system having at least one layer of a material selected from the group consisting of nitrides, carbides, oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbonitrides of at least one metal. A metallic intermediate layer having the at least one metal is vacuum deposited on the hard solid layer system, and a sliding layer system is vacuum deposited on the metallic intermediate layer.

Abstract: A method for removing hard material layers from hard metal substrates by employing a layer removal solution, included introducing between the hard metal substrate and a hard material layer, an intermediate carrier layer made of a material that is differing from the material of the hard material layer and from the metal substrate. A selectively dissolving of the intermediate carrier layer follows by employing a solution such as hydrogen peroxide, through pores of the hard material layer. The removal solution, within a treatment time period, dissolves the material of the intermediate carrier layer more than the material of the hard material layer, such that the hard material layer is removed before it is dissolved as much as the intermediate carrier layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a coated workpiece utilizes a target made of an alloy which is substantially a one phase. Coating is achieved by cathodic arc evaporation of the target in an oxygen atmosphere.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for coating at least one workpiece utilizes a target made of an alloy which is substantially a one phase. Coating is achieved by cathodic arc evaporation of the target in an oxygen atmosphere.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing a workpiece with wear protective coating starts with depositing a first hard material layer selected from the group consisting of TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiAlCN or the workpiece. Above the first hard material layer, a second hard material layer selected from the group consisting of TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiAlCN is deposited. The second layer is either deposited directly on the first layer or on a transition layer between the first and second layers. The transition layer is made of a material composed of the materials of the first and second layers, and has a thickness of between 5 nm and 500 nm. The first and second hard material layers have the same crystal structure, but different crystallographic privileged orientation with a value I(200)/I(111) between an intensity of the (111) plane, I(111), and an intensity of the (200) plane, I(200), of one of the first and second layers being at most 1 and the value of the other being at least 1. The values are thus different from each other.

Abstract: A layer system, in particular for tools or machine components operated under insufficient lubrication or under dry operation conditions, is proposed, which system, starting from the base body (1), comprises a hard substance layer system (2), subsequently a metallic layer (3) and finally a slide layer system (4), the last mentioned preferably made of Carbide, in particular of Tungstencarbide or Chromiumcarbide and dispersed Carbon.

Abstract: So as to provide a wear-resistant workpiece, and especially a wear-resistant cutting tool, capable of realising stable cutting with a long life span thereof during high-efficiency cutting, there is provided between a wear-resistant layer system with at least one hard material layer of a compound containing titanium and aluminum and the surface of the base body of a hard metal or of a steel an intermediate layer of a material selected from the group of nitride, carbonitride, nitroboride, carbonitroboride of chromium, tantalum, zirconium or titanium.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing a workpiece with wear protective coating starts with depositing a first hard material layer selected from the group consisting of TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiAlCN or the workpiece. Above the first hard material layer, a second hard material layer selected from the group consisting of TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiAlCN is deposited. The second layer is either deposited directly on the first layer or on a transition layer between the first and second layers. The transition layer is made of a material composed of the materials of the first and second layers, and has a thickness of between 5 nm and 500 nm. The first and second hard material layers have the same crystal structure, but different crystallographic privileged orientation with a value I(200)/I(111) between an intensity of the (111) plane, I(111), and an intensity of the (200) plane, I(200), of one of the first and second layers being at most 1 and the value of the other being at least 1. The values are thus different from each other.

Abstract: A method for separating layers from articles made of high-speed steel and having at least one layer of TiAlN, includes applying an alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide, a base as well as acid to the layer. The acid is selected from phosphates, phosphonates and phosphonic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed are workpieces, especially those made of steel or hard metals, provided with at least two coatings of a wear-protective system, which qualities are improved even with high system thickness, so that adjoining coatings are realized with differing crystallographic privileged directions.

Abstract: There is proposed a tool with a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system comprises at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or S carbon. The tool has a tool body of high speed steel (HSS) or of cemented carbide, but it is not a solid carbide end mill and not a solid carbide ball nose mill. in the MeX layer the quotient QI as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to 1(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray cdffraction of the material using &thgr;-2&thgr; method is selected to be ≧1. Further, the I(200) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: An arc vapor deposition source has a target plate to be vaporized. A central surface area of the plate, on a vaporization-surface-side thereof, consists of a material which, in comparison to a remaining portion material of the target plate, has a low secondary electron emission rate and a low surface energy. The central surface area is formed by a detachable cover. The target plate has a continuous recess in a central area thereof and an insert therein forms the surface area. The material of the central surface area consists of at least one of boron nitride, hexagonal boron nitride and/or TiN. The target plate is surrounded by a frame having a surface that consists of a material which compared to the material of the target plate, has a lower secondary electron emission rate and a low surface energy. The material of the frame being the same as that of the surface area and/or the frame surface consisting of at least one of boron nitride, hexagonal boron nitride and TiN.

Abstract: A method for removing hard material layers from hard metal substrates by employing a layer removal solution, included introducing between the hard metal substrate and a hard material layer, an intermediate carrier layer made of a material that is differing from the material of the hard material layer and from the metal substrate. A selectively dissolving of the intermediate carrier layer follows by employing a solution such as hydrogen peroxide, through pores of the hard material layer. The removal solution, within a treatment time period, dissolves the material of the intermediate carrier layer more than the material of the hard material layer, such that the hard material layer is removed before it is dissolved as much as the intermediate carrier layer.

Abstract: There is proposed a tool with a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system comprises at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or carbon. The tool is a solid carbide end mill, a solid carbide ball nose mill or a cemented carbide gear cutting tool. Thereby, in the MeX layer the quotient QI as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to I(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray diffraction of the material using the &thgr;-2&thgr; method is selected to be ≦2. Further, the I(111) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: A tool has a tool body and a wear resistant layer system, which layer system has at least one layer of MeX. Me comprises titanium and aluminum and X is nitrogen or carbon. The tool has a tool body of high speed steel (HSS) or of cemented carbide, but it is not a solid carbide end mill and not a solid carbide ball nose mill. In the MeX layer, the quotient Q.sub.I as defined by the ratio of the diffraction intensity I(200) to I(111) assigned respectively to the (200) and (111) plains in the X ray diffraction of the material using .theta.-2.theta. method is selected to be .gtoreq.1. Further, the I(200) is at least twenty times larger than the intensity average noise value, both measured with a well-defined equipment and setting thereof.

Abstract: An arrangement and process for sputter etching high-performance tools with a low-voltage arc discharge is followed by coating the tools from the same direction from which they were etched, with a hard coating deposited onto the tools.