Abstract: A joint restraint assembly illustratively includes a substantially annular body that includes an opening disposed there through to fit around the pipe. Two or more pockets that each receive a segment configured to engage a portion of the outside surface of the pipe. The segments are spaced apart from each other. A portion of the substantially annular body extends toward the opening between each of the segments to occupy space between the segments to inhibit deformation of the pipe at the joint restraint assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing specified output intensity distribution requirements from a single LED source, wherein the apparatus includes a single LED source and a cover, including a lens, that captures and controls the non-collimated light of the LED source and limits its spread vertically and horizontally as well as producing intensity variations within the output pattern. In one aspect of the invention, the lens is on the same order of size as the LED source, the cover has an exposed surface area several times larger than the area of the lens and is primarily configured to have retroreflective properties.

Abstract: A double-ended stud and attachment tool is provided, comprising a double-ended stud having a shank adapted for attachment to a mounting surface, a threaded end adopted for receipt of a securement device, and a collar located therebetween; and an attachment tool with a first end for releasable securement to the threaded end of said stud, a second end adapted for securement to a tool.