Abstract: A detergent additive aminoamide, prepared by reacting a polycarboxylic amino acid with alkylamines, is combined into fuel for an internal combustion engine or lubricating oil as a composition suitable for reducing deposits in an internal combustion engine. In an embodiment of the invention, the aminoamide is further combined with a sulfonic acid to obtain a fuel detergent of improved operability.

Abstract: A detergent additive imidazoline prepared by reacting carboxylic acid with polyamine is combined into fuel for an internal combustion engine or lubricating oil as a composition suitable for reducing deposits in an internal combustion engine. In an embodiment of the invention, the imidazoline is further combined with a sulfonic acid to obtain a fuel detergent of improved operability.

Abstract: A catalytically active composition is provided that is an intercalate of graphite, aluminum halide, and a Group VA metal halide. A process for preparing an intercalate of graphite, aluminum halide, and a Group VA metal halide is also provided.

Abstract: A long chain monocarboxylic acid, a polyamine, and an isocyanate containing about 12 to 18 carbon atoms are reacted to provide compounds which are suitable as ashless detergent additives. Optionally, these compounds can be further reacted with hydrocarbyl sulfonic acid. The method for producing these compounds is also provided. In a preferred embodiment the ashless fuel detergent additives are combined with hydrocarbons suitable as fuel in an internal combustion engine to provide ashless fuel detergent compositions.

Abstract: A catalytically active composition is provided that is an intercalate of graphite, aluminum halide, and a Group VA metal halide. A process for preparing an intercalate of graphite, aluminum halide, and a Group VA metal halide is also provided.

Abstract: A process is provided for oxygenating alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds. In the process alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds are contacted with molecular oxygen in the presence of a suitable monocarboxylic acid, a soluble copper, cobalt, or iron compound, and an inorganic bromine compound. Optionally present are inorganic nitrates, acetic anhydride, or water. In an embodiment of the invention the process is carried out in two distinct steps with contact of the alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds and oxygen in the presence of the essential components produce an ester comprising both an aromatic alcohol and the carboxylic acid with subsequent hydrolyzing of this ester to produce an aromatic alcohol with regeneration of the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Improved additives for motor fuels and lubricants are provided comprising low molecular weight hydrogenated liquid polymers containing low levels of combined nitrogen. More specifically, hydrogenated adducts formed from normally liquid low molecular weight polydiolefins and acrylonitrile are excellent additives for motor fuels and lubricants. Motor fuels and lubricating oil compositions containing said additives are also provided.

Abstract: Selected organic peroxides are converted to the corresponding alcohols when contacted with a triorganophosphine in a reaction medium comprising water and an organic solvent miscible with water. In one embodiment, diene polyperoxides are converted to the novel diols.

Abstract: A long chain monocarboxylic acid is reacted with a multi-amine to produce an amide and the amide is then treated with sulfonic acid to produce a sulfonate to provide compounds which are suitable as ashless detergent additives and the method for producing these compounds are provided. In a preferred embodiment the detergent additives are combined with hydrocarbons suitable as fuel in an internal combustion engine and with oil formulations to provide ashless fuel detergent compositions and lubricant detergent compositions.

Abstract: A long chain monocarboxylic acid is reacted with a trialkanolamine to produce an ester and this ester is then treated with sulfonic acid to produce a sulfonate to provide compounds which are suitable as ashless detergent additives and the method for producing these compounds are provided. In a preferred embodiment the ashless fuel detergent additives are combined with hydrocarbons suitable as fuel in an internal combustion engine to provide ashless fuel and lubricant detergent compositions.

Abstract: Organically polluted waters are purified by contacting such waters with a water soluble copper salt catalyst in the liquid phase under oxidizing conditions. In one embodiment, an aqueous stream obtained from the effluent of an oxidative dehydrogenation process containing contaminating oxygen-containing organic materials is subjected to liquid phase oxidizing conditions in the presence of cupric nitrate under conditions providing sufficient cupric ion concentration to convert the water to a potable aqueous product.

Abstract: A halotetrahydropyran is oxidized and dehydrohalogenated employing oxygen and a free radical initiator.4-Chlorotetrahydropyran is converted to 5,6-dihydro-1,2-pyrone using 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) under elevated oxygen pressure and at a temperature of the order of about 170.degree.F.