Abstract: A clearing head 10 includes annular scraper edge (12) and rows of openings (14, 16). A clearing tool (100) has a one-piece combined shaft (24) and clearing head (10). Wiper ring (49) includes inner first material 49a around an opening (49c) for the shaft (24). The first material may have molybdenum/molybdenum disulphide. A resilient second material 49b is provided around the first material. The resilient second material is or includes FKM. In a ram (38), the resilient second material can exert inward radial pressure to the first material by reacting against a ram interior wall (39). The ram can incline from horizontal and vertical by an angle ? e.g. between at least 10° and 80°, or between at least 20° and 70°, or between at least 30° and 60°, or between at least 25° and 45°, or around 30°.

Abstract: A process tapping point clearing apparatus (10) has a ram housing a piston (25) in a cylinder (12). A piston shaft (22) has a threaded first end (30) threadingly engaged with the piston. A second end of the shaft retains a clearing head extending from the cylinder, the clearing head adapted to pass through a process tapping point for removing scaling and/or debris material therefrom. The threaded first end of the shaft has an outer thread (36) diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the adjacent intermediate portion of the shaft. The piston can have a threaded aperture (44) to receive an release tool (45) to retract the piston and tapping point clearing toll (34) if stuck in an extended position.

Abstract: A process tapping point clearing apparatus (10) has a ram housing a piston (25) in a cylinder (12). A piston shaft (22) has a threaded first end (30) threadingly engaged with the piston. A second end of the shaft retains a clearing head extending from the cylinder, the clearing head adapted to pass through a process tapping point for removing scaling and/or debris material therefrom. The threaded first end of the shaft has an outer thread (36) diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the adjacent intermediate portion of the shaft. The piston can have a threaded aperture (44) to receive an release tool (45) to retract the piston and tapping point clearing toll (34) if stuck in an extended position.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for efficient and reliable preparation of organic peroxides, preferably dialkyl peroxides, peroxycarboxylic acids, peroxycarboxylic esters, diacyl peroxides, peroxycarbonate esters, peroxydicarbonates, ketone peroxides and perketals with the aid of at least one static micromixer and an apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for efficient and reliable preparation of organic peroxides, preferably dialkyl peroxides, peroxycarboxylic acids, peroxycarboxylic esters, diacyl peroxides, peroxycarbonate esters, peroxydicarbonates, ketone peroxides and perketals with the aid of at least one static micromixer and an apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine is described, in which the ambient pressure is determined by an ambient pressure sensor and the pressure in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine is determined by an intake manifold pressure sensor. In this method the reliability performance of the ambient pressure sensor is checked by comparing the ambient pressure to a starting value that is obtained by the intake manifold pressure sensor before a starting process of the internal combustion engine. The comparison is only performed if a preceding check of the intake manifold pressure sensor yields the result that it is operational.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold and a ventilation system may allow a reliable and fault-free diagnosis of a fault in the ventilation. The ventilation system may be a tank ventilation or a crankcase ventilation. The ventilation duct is conducted to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. At least one pressure differential may be determined between an intake-manifold pressure or an ambient pressure, on the one hand, and a pressure in the ventilation duct, on the other hand. A fault in the ventilation may be diagnosed as a function of the at least one pressure differential.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine is described, in which the ambient pressure is determined by an ambient pressure sensor and the pressure in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine is determined by an intake manifold pressure sensor. In this method the reliability performance of the ambient pressure sensor is checked by comparing the ambient pressure to a starting value that is obtained by the intake manifold pressure sensor before a starting process of the internal combustion engine. The comparison is only performed if a preceding check of the intake manifold pressure sensor yields the result that it is operational.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for operating an internal combustion engine including an actuating member in an air supply for adjusting an air mass to be supplied to the engine. In the method, a position of the actuating member is adapted to an instantaneous operating state by a short-time adaptation and a position of the actuating member is adapted by a long-time adaptation to compensate for longer term influences on the position of the actuating member. For a long-time adaptation, a long-time adaptation value is formed for the position of the actuating member in dependence upon a minimum short-time adaptation value for the position of the actuating member which was formed during the short-time adaptation. A leakage in the air supply is diagnosed in dependence upon the long-time adaptation value.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold and a ventilation system may allow a reliable and fault-free diagnosis of a fault in the ventilation. The ventilation system may be a tank ventilation or a crankcase ventilation. The ventilation duct is conducted to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. At least one pressure differential may be determined between an intake-manifold pressure or an ambient pressure, on the one hand, and a pressure in the ventilation duct, on the other hand. A fault in the ventilation may be diagnosed as a function of the at least one pressure differential.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for operating an internal combustion engine including an actuating member in an air supply for adjusting an air mass to be supplied to the engine. In the method, a position of the actuating member is adapted to an instantaneous operating state by a short-time adaptation and a position of the actuating member is adapted by a long-time adaptation to compensate for longer term influences on the position of the actuating member. For a long-time adaptation, a long-time adaptation value is formed for the position of the actuating member in dependence upon a minimum short-time adaptation value for the position of the actuating member which was formed during the short-time adaptation. A leakage in the air supply is diagnosed in dependence upon the long-time adaptation value.

Abstract: A clamping device for motor-driven straight-back and saber saws fixable to a lifting rod, the clamping device has a clamp holder, a movable clamping piece arranged relative to the clamp holder so that a saw blade can rest between the clamp holder and the movable clamping piece, the clamping piece having a first side which faces toward the clamp holder and has a surface adapted to abut against the saw blade, and also a second side which is remote from the clamp holder and has a wedge-shaped surface, a wedge piece having a wedge-shaped surface abutting against the wedge-shaped surface of the clamping piece and also having an opposite surface, and a spring acting on the wedge piece so as to move the clamping piece into a position of repose so that the first surface of the clamping piece presses against the saw blade.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating flexible flat objects from the top of a stack. The objects are lifted upward from the stack one at a time and separated therefrom by progressive adhesive action starting from the trailing end of the object in a transport direction. Once lifted by the adhesion device, the objects are transported in the transport direction by the transport device. The adhesion device may be magnetic for magnetizable articles or may be a suction device. Various techniques for moving suction and/or adhesion progressively along the object to be lifted in the transport direction are disclosed, including progressive application of suction, suction chamber arrangements for accomplishing that and the use of blown air to create a vacuum condition for lifting the sheets. The transport device might comprise a belt for moving the lifted objects. The transport of one object may be occurring while the next object is being lifted.

Abstract: A method is proposed for separating flat, stacked products, which are preferably fed individually, at a distance from one another and lying one behind another, to a further processing process, first of all the uppermost product being lifted, at least partially and preferably completely, off the stack of products and subsequently transported away in the transport direction to the further processing process, the transport direction forming an angle (&agr;), preferably in the range from 30° to 150° with the vertical axis of the stack of products, wherein the products are transported away in such a way that as a product that still partially overlaps the stack with its trailing edge region is being transported away, a following product is already being lifted off the stack of products, in its trailing edge region, to be transported away.

Abstract: The invention relates to a clamping device for saw blades, in particular in motor-driven straight-back and saber saws, which is fixable to a lifting rod.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating flexible flat objects from the top of a stack. The objects are lifted upward from the stack one at a time and separated therefrom by progressive adhesive action starting from the trailing end of the object in a transport direction. Once lifted by the adhesion device, the objects are transported in the transport direction by the transport device. The adhesion device may be magnetic for magnetizable articles or may be a suction device. Various techniques for moving suction and/or adhesion progressively along the object to be lifted in the transport direction are disclosed, including progressive application of suction, suction chamber arrangements for accomplishing that and the use of blown air to create a vacuum condition for lifting the sheets. The transport device might comprise a belt for moving the lifted objects. The transport of one object may be occurring while the next object is being lifted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating flexible flat objects from the top of a stack. The objects are lifted upward from the stack one at a time and separated therefrom by progressive adhesive action starting from the trailing end of the object in a transport direction. Once lifted by the adhesion device, the objects are transported in the transport direction by the transport device. The adhesion device may be magnetic for magnetizable articles or may be a suction device. Various techniques for moving suction and/or adhesion progressively along the object to be lifted in the transport direction are disclosed, including progressive application of suction, suction chamber arrangements for accomplishing that and the use of blown air to create a vacuum condition for lifting the sheets. The transport device might comprise a belt for moving the lifted objects. The transport of one object may be occurring while the next object is being lifted.

Abstract: A urethral catheter designed to employ the principle of urethral irrigation with the patient's own urine to combat rising infection. This irrigation is achieved by having the section of the catheter which lies in the urethra equipped with windows which are arranged so that large surface areas of the urethral mucous membranes are irrigated by urine. Through judicious positioning of a mandrin in the catheter's lumen one can achieve a forced flow of urine through these windows and between the catheter and the urethral mucous membranes, the flow returning through further windows into the hollow interior of the mandrin and proceeding out of the body to a drainage system.

Abstract: A ureter tube with mandrin and auxiliary tube, designed so that all three elements are adapted to be connected together by different clamping means such that they functionally form an entity for the introduction process, this entity being so stable that the three elements cannot detach themselves from one another even in the case of back and forth sliding and rotational movements. Upon correct placement of the ureter tube, the connection between ureter tube and auxiliary tube is released upon removal of the mandrin, the auxiliary tube is also removed and the ureter tube is left in the body, with the curvatures of its tip and its end lying between renal pelvis and bladder.

Abstract: An arrangement comprising a ureter tube, a mandrin having an outer shaft and an inner shaft, the inner shaft being longitudinally movable relatively to the outer shaft, and an auxiliary tube, the ureter tube and auxiliary tube being slidable onto the mandrin, and the mandrin and the ureter tube being releasably connected with each other; pear the proximal end of the mandrin outer shaft provisions are made for facilitating the introduction of an X-ray contrasting medium, and the distal end of the ureter tube having at its face a central opening, whereby the contrasting medium is enabled to flow through the length of the mandrin outer shaft in a substantially rectilinear path and to then exit the arrangement at the central opening.