Abstract: The invention relates to crystalline, stable radical anion salts of derivatives of 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## in which p1 k, n, s, x, m, p, B, R and c have the meaning given in the description,to processes for their preparation and to their use as electrically conductive compounds.

Abstract: A mass is cooled systematically under the influence of an electrical or mechanical alternating field to obtain a quasi dielectric isotropic structure of a synthetic resin part.

Abstract: Metallized, particularly nickel-coated, knitted net fabrics are suitable for protecting the eyes against microwave radiation with very little adverse effect upon the field of vision, particularly when the mesh width of the knitted net fabrics amounts to <0.25 .lambda., preferably <0.1 .lambda., .lambda. being the wavelength of the radiation to be screened off at the upper frequency limit.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a polymer matrix containing metallized sheet-form textiles and/or metallized particles, and in addition additives for increasing the ohmic, electrical and/or magnetic losses which are uniformly present in the polymer and/or on the sheet-form textiles and/or particles, has a high shielding effect against electromagnetic radiation both in the short-range field and also in the long-range field over a wide frequency range.

Abstract: In the treatment of a perfluorinated polymer membrane containing acid ion exchanger groups in a corona discharge, the improvement which comprises employing a membrane containing carboxyl groups and maintaining the membrane at a temperature below about 80.degree. C. during the discharge treatment. Advantageously the corona discharge treatment is carried out intermittently, the temperature is maintained at about -10.degree. to +22.degree. C., during the treatment the average rate of irradiation is below about 2 Ah/m.sup.2, the frequency of the corona discharge is from about 5 to 15 kHz, the voltage for producing the corona discharge is from about 1 to 20 kV and the dose is from about 0.1 to 10 Ah/m.sup.2 of membrane surface. The resulting membranes exhibit lowered resistance resulting in lower cell voltages when used in the electrolysis of sodium chloride.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a polymer matrix containing metallized sheet-form textiles and/or metallized particles, and in addition additives for increasing the ohmic, electrical and/or magnetic losses which are uniformly present in the polymer and/or on the sheet-form textiles and/or particles, has a high shielding effect against electromagnetic radiation both in the short-range field and also in the long-range field over a wide frequency range.

Abstract: In a large-area photovoltaic cell containing a photoactive semiconductor layer which contacts another semiconductor layer, metal or an electrolyte to form a depletion layer, and further containing an electrode and a counter electrode for current collection, the improvement which comprises employing as a substrate for said photoactive semiconducting layer a metallized textile sheet, the metal constituting one of the electrodes, the sheet having been metallized by depositing the metal thereon wet-chemically without current. The metal thickness may be built up with or without current. Such cells have low internal resistances and are highly efficient.

Abstract: Film-forming polymers corresponding to the following Formula I: ##STR1## wherein R represents a divalent aliphatic group containing an electric donor;R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, halogen, --SO.sub.3 H, --CN, --COOR.sup.2, --N(R.sup.3).sub.2, --OR.sup.4 or --NO.sub.2 ;R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; andn represents an integer of from 2 to 1000, and m is 1 or 2.

Abstract: The generator for the microwave measuring arrangement consists of a frequency-modulated oscillator which feeds a cavity measuring resonator in a transmission arrangement. The sample to be examined is located in the center of the resonator. The microwave signal allowed through the resonator is detected as the peak amplitude of a detector circuit, the change in the signal corresponding to the change in the quality factor due to the presence of the sample introduced. The average frequency of the microwave oscillator can be switched over several stages in order to expand the range of measurement. Each time the frequency is switched over, a different field mode is excited in the measuring resonator so that the sample is located in a mode region of the electrical measuring field for measuring high water contents and in a maximum of the electrical measuring field for measuring low water contents.

Abstract: The water content of electrically non-conductive powders, granulates, pastes and fibrous materials may be measured on the basis of microwave absorption. A frequency-modulated microwave oscillator supplies a closed multimode measuring resonator charged with the sample in a transmission arrangement. The sample charged into a container almost completely fills the multimode resonator. The sample container is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. A substantial homogeneity of the field distribution in the sample is thus obtained so that even in the case of variations in the bulk density, accurate measurements are still possible.

Abstract: The principle of measurement is based on the microwave absorption by the water content of a sample. The sample is located in a closed single-reflection measurement cell which is fed by a microwave oscillator which is frequency-modulated within the absorbing frequency range of the sample. The sample partially or completely fills the end section of a circular or rectangular waveguide forming the measurement cell. The waveguide is sealed off with a short circuit plate so that two planar travelling waves with a homogeneous field distribution are present in the measurement cell.

Abstract: The measuring arrangement consists of a frequency-modulated microwave oscillator which supplies a closed resonator charged with the sample in a transmission circuit. The change in the quality factor induced by the water content of the sample is used as the unknown. The sample is located in the substantially homogeneous range of the electrical field maximum of a stationary wave in a cylindrical single mode cavity resonator of the E.sub.010 mode, the diameter of the sample being not more than 25% of the internall diameter of the resonator and the length of the sample being not more than 50% of the height of the resonator.