Abstract: A diagnostic kit, method, and apparatus for electrochemically determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in a sample. A mixture is formed which includes the sample, an enzyme acceptor polypeptide, an enzyme donor polypeptide, and a labeled substrate. The enzyme donor polypeptide is capable of combining with the enzyme acceptor polypeptide to form an active enzyme complex. The formation of such the active enzyme complex is responsive to the presence or concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample. The active enzyme hydrolyzes the labeled substrate, resulting in the generation of an electroactive label, which can then be oxidized at the surface of an electrode. A current resulting from the oxidation of the electroactive compound can be measured and correlated to the concentration of the analyte in the sample.

Abstract: A diagnostic kit, method, and apparatus for electrochemically determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in a sample. A mixture is formed which includes the sample, an enzyme acceptor polypeptide, an enzyme donor polypeptide, and a labeled substrate. The enzyme donor polypeptide is capable of combining with the enzyme acceptor polypeptide to form an active enzyme complex. The formation of such the active enzyme complex is responsive to the presence or concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample. The active enzyme hydrolyzes the labeled substrate, resulting in the generation of an electroactive label, which can then be oxidized at the surface of an electrode. A current resulting from the oxidation of the electroactive compound can be measured and correlated to the concentration of the analyte in the sample.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor is provided containing a supporting material having a surface of noble metal such as gold or palladium to which is bound an enzyme such as glucose oxidase via binding molecules. The binding molecules are in the form of a homogenous monolayer and are bound to the metal surface by anchor groups such as thiol, disulphide or phosphine groups. The enzyme is linked to the binding molecules by an ionic bond, a covalent bond or a metal-chelate bond. The binding molecules may contain a spacer such as an alkylene chain. Coverage of the binding molecules on the metal surface is less than the maximum coverage to optimize enzyme coverage, decrease response time of the sensor and increase signal yield per surface area. The monolayer may contain diluent molecules which are not linked to an enzyme and which are bound to the metal surface via anchor groups.

Abstract: The invention concerns a binding matrix containing a carrier material and a solid phase reactant which is adsorbed to this via anchor groups that is capable of binding to at least one free reaction partner wherein the solid phase reactant forms a dilute and essentially laterally homogeneous binding layer on the surface of the carrier material. In addition a method for the determination of an analyte in a sample solution is claimed in which a solid phase reactant is used which is a component of a binding matrix according to the present invention. In this process the specific binding reaction is preferably determined by optical reflection techniques.

Abstract: A method of detecting hydrolase activity using as substrates the compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl optionally substituted in the meta- or para- position by C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy or mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkylamino, or optionally substituted by an O-X group in which X is a glycosyl, phosphate or acyl moiety of a natural substrate of the corresponding glycosidase, phosphatase or esterase.

Abstract: A process for the detection of substances with hydrolase activity in a sample by mixing the sample with a hydrolase substrate and an oxidising agent, and the evaluating the resultant colour intensity, wherein, as hydrolase substrate, there is used at least one compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an alkoxy radical,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or halogen, an amino group or an alkoxy or aralkoxy radical,R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen, halogen, carboxyl, a carbamoyl group, sulpho, an amino groups alkyl, an alkoxy radical, aralkoxy, alkylcarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl, andX is a glycosyl, phosphate or acyl residue. Optionally R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 can be joined to form a ring system. At least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 must be hydrogen and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 must not be hydrogen. Compounds in which X is .beta.-galactosyl are new.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a trifluoromethyl radical or a cyano group. The present invention also provides processes for the preparation of these compounds, as well as reagents containing them. The present invention is also concerned with the use of these compounds as .beta.-galactosidase substrates, especially in a CEDIA system.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining an analyte in a sample, as well as a method for carrying this out, are disclosed. The apparatus utilizes a first zone containing a labeled substance, and a second zone which permits separation of a mobile detectable moiety from unreacted reaction component. Detectable moiety is the product of reaction between reaction component and labeled substance.

Abstract: A process for the detection of substances with hydrolase activity in a sample by mixing the sample with a hydrolase substrate and an oxidizing agent, and the evaluating the resultant color intensity, wherein, as hydrolase substrate, there is used at least one compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an alkoxy radical,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or halogen, an amino group or an alkoxy or aralkoxy radical,R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen, halogen, carboxyl, a carbamoyl group, sulpho, an amino groups alkyl, an alkoxy radical, aralkoxy, alkylcarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl, andX is a glycosyl, phosphate or acyl residue.Optionally R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 can be joined to form a ring system. At least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 must be hydrogen and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 must not be hydrogen. Compounds in which X is .beta.-galactosyl are new.

Abstract: In order to increase the enzymatic reactivity of .beta.-galactosidase, an azide, thiocyanate, cyanate and/or thiosulphate is added to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Reagents for the determination of hydrolase comprises compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is an organic or inorganic acid residue or a sugar residue, A is an organic or inorganic acid residue, and B is an organic acid residue. Each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.5, is hydrogen, halogen or lower alkyl. Each of R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6, is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl, or carboxamido groups optical substituted once or twice, or a radical of the formula--COO--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.7in which R.sup.7 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and n is a number from 1 to 4. Additionally, R.sup.6 can be sulpho or nitro.

Abstract: Reagents for the determination of hydrolase comprises compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is an organic or inorganic acid residue or a sugar residue, A is an organic or inorganic acid residue, and B is an organic acid residue. Each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.5, is hydrogen, halogen or lower alkyl. Each of R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6, is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, carboxyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl, or carboxamido groups optional substituted once or twice, or a radical of the formula--COO--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.7in which R.sup.7 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and n is a number from 1 to 4. Additionally, R.sup.6 can be sulpho or nitro.