Abstract: A stirring element device, in particular for stirring fluidized beds and/or solid matter mixtures and/or highly viscous suspensions, comprises at least one helical stirrer, which is rotatable around a rotation axis and has at least one winding that runs around the rotation axis, wherein the helical stirrer comprises a base body, which has in at least one cross-sectional view an at least section-wise oval, in particular circle-shaped, outer contour.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve an existing mixing device in such a manner that for a predetermined reactor length, retention time is increased and the material which is to be processed is transported at essentially the same speed irrespective of the radial distance thereof from the rotational axis. As a result, at least one row of blades is arranged on each shaft and each row of blades comprises at least two individual blades and the blades are fixed to the shaft at an incidence angle ? in relation to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The blades are curved in themselves, such that the blades form an angle of incidence ? at the fixing point on the shaft and an angle of incidence ? on the outer diameter DA.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for a high temperature short-time distillation of residual oil. The method according to the invention is characterized by a technically simple recovery of a small residual fraction from a gas and/or oil vapour mixture produced by a mixing apparatus (1). Said small residual fraction contains large quantities of undesirable polluting catalytic substances (CCR, Ni, V, asphaltenes). For this purpose, the gas and/or oil vapour mixture produced by the mixing apparatus (1) is diluted with gas or water vapour in a column (17) at a temperature of 450° C. in such a way that a high boiling fraction, which has a high content of the pollutant substances and whose initial boiling point is higher than 450° C., is condensed and extracted.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve an existing mixing device in such a manner that for a predetermined reactor length, retention time is increased and the material which is to be processed is transported at essentially the same speed irrespective of the radial distance thereof from the rotational axis. As a result, at least one row of blades is arranged on each shaft and each row of blades comprises at least two individual blades and the blades are fixed to the shaft at an incidence angle ? in relation to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The blades are curved in themselves, such that the blades form an angle of incidence ? at the fixing point on the shaft and an angle of incidence ? on the outer diameter DA.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for a high temperature short-time distillation of residual oil. The method according to the invention is characterized by a technically simple recovery of a small residual fraction from a gas and/or oil vapour mixture produced by a mixing apparatus (1). Said small residual fraction contains large quantities of undesirable polluting catalytic substances (CCR, Ni, V, asphaltenes). For this purpose, the gas and/or oil vapour mixture produced by the mixing apparatus (1) is diluted with gas or water vapour in a column (17) at a temperature of 450° C. in such a way that a high boiling fraction, which has a high content of the pollutant substances and whose initial boiling point is higher than 450° C., is condensed and extracted.

Abstract: Residual oil from the processing of crude oil, natural bitumen or oil sand is mixed in a mixer with granular, hot coke as heat carrier (heat carrier coke) in a weight ratio of 1:3 to 1:30, where on the granules of the heat carrier coke there is first of all formed a liquid residue film which partly evaporates in the mixer. Gases and vapors and moist, sticky coke are withdrawn from the mixer. The mixture of coke and residual oil is introduced into a subsequently connected stirred tank in which the mixture slowly moves downwards while being stirred mechanically at a temperature of 450 to 600° C. and preferably at 480 to 550° C. Dry, flowable coke is withdrawn from the stirred tank. Usually, the dwell time of the heat carrier coke in the stirred tank is 1 to 30 minutes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of recovering monomeric esters of substituted or unsubstituted acrylic acid from polymer material having corresponding structural units by depolymerization by means of a fine-grained heat-transfer medium which is maintained above the depolymerization temperature of the polymer material. In a reactor, the polymer material is brought in contact with hot, mechanically fluidized heat-transfer medium. The resulting vapors are withdrawn and condensed, where the hot heat-transfer medium is continuously supplied at one end of the reactor, and cooled heat-transfer medium is discharged at the other end.

Abstract: High temperature flash distillation, for treating residual oils originating from crude oil refining, natural bitumen and/or tar sands, comprises feeding the oil to a mixer with granular hot coke, which serves as a thermal transfer medium. In mixing, 60-90% of the oil is vaporized. The non-vaporized fraction includes metal-containing asphaltenes. This fraction is further converted in the mixer, to oil vapor, gas and coke. Gases and vapor are withdrawn from the mixer, separately from the coke. The vapor phase is cooled and condensed to produce product oil. The gas itself is a further product. The coke is reheated and recycled to the mixer as the thermal transfer medium.

Abstract: A stirring element (10), especially a gasing stirring element for stirring liquids and introducing a gas, preferably air, to the liquids. The stirring element has a hub (12) for attachment to a stirring shaft and a support disk (14) joined to the hub (12), a plurality of stirring blades (16) being attached to a peripheral edge of the support disk (14). To achieve a low output power coefficient, each stirring blade (16) is made of a wedge-shape that is directed in the direction of rotary motion of the stirring element (10). Preferably, radially inner end sections (22, 24) of two sides (18, 20) of the stirring blade (16) are angled relative to sides (18, 20) outwardly with reference to the direction of rotary motion of the stirring element (10). The stirring element (10) simplifies gas feed and prevents clogs. By providing the support disk (14) with a conical shape having a ring of teeth (26) on its outer edge, a uniform distribution and good dispersion of the gas bubbles is obtainable.

Abstract: Dried fuel is at least partly combusted, gasified or carbonized in the presence of cooled solid residue in a reactor. Hot solid residue, which is at temperatures in the range from 500.degree. to 1200.degree. C., is withdrawn from the reactor and is mixed with water-containing fuel in the receiving region of a mechanical mixer, without a supply of fluidizing gas. The mixture is transported with further mixing from the receiving region of the mixer through a mixing section of 1 to 10 meters to an outlet. A fuel-containing, substantially water-free mixture at a temperature in the range from above 100.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. is fed from the outlet of the mixer to the reactor. A mixer which comprises two intermeshing shafts, which rotate in the same sense, may be employed in the process.

Abstract: Water-containing solids are dried in a fluidized bed, which is indirectly heated by at least one heat exchanger. Water vapors having a high water vapor content are withdrawn from the fluidized bed and a part of the vapors is passed as a fluidizing fluid through the fluidized bed. The remaining vapors are cooled to form an aqueous condensate. At least part of the aqueous condensate is contacted in a purification zone with a gaseous or vaporous stripping fluid. Purified condensate and contaminated stripping fluid are separately withdrawn from the purification zone. Water vapor is preferably used as a stripping fluid in the purification zone.

Abstract: Lump wood is carbonized in a shaft retort, which is flown through by hot rinse gas. The wood is charged to the retort at its top. Wood charcoal is withdrawn from the lower portion of the retort. An exhaust gas which contains gases and vapors produced by carbonization is withdrawn from the top end of the shaft retort and is directly fed to a combustion chamber. In a first section of the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas is combusted with air at an understoichiometric to stoichiometric rate at temperatures from 800.degree. to 1250.degree. C. Part of the combustion gas is withdrawn from that first section of the combustion chamber and is cooled to temperatures from about 450.degree. to 900.degree. C. and is fed as a rinse gas to the shaft retort. In a second section of the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas is completely combusted with air supplied at an overstoichiometric rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combined process for separating and converting asphaltenes of high molecular weight and high softening point from heavy hydrocarbon material containing asphaltenes by a process that combines a deasphalting method to produce solid asphaltenes and a continuous coking procedure for the solid asphaltenes. The combined process converts the material into more valuable liquid hydrocarbon products of lower molecular weight and coke.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of hydrocarbonaceous materials from tar sand comprising subjecting a part of the tar sand to hot water extraction by mixing it with hot water, the solids and bitumen being separated and the latter treated further, and carrying out a dry distillation of another part of the tar sand which is thereby heated to temperatures above 400.degree. C, the gaseous and vaporous distillation products being cooled and condensed. This process is characterized in that at least a portion of the thermal energy required for hot water extraction originates in the dry distillation waste heat. This process is further characterized in that the solid coke-like residue recovered from the further treatment of the bitumen from hot water extraction is used as fuel in the dry distillation and in that the wet solids recovered from hot water extraction are mixed with the dry distillation residue to form a solid product which can be transported on belt conveyors.

Abstract: A dry distillation process for treating bituminous or oil-containing fine-grained material, particularly tar sand, with a heat carrier comprising fine-grained dry distillation residue which is heated in a pneumatic conveyor line by hot combustion gases and then fed to a collecting vessel and mixed in a dry distillation zone with the fine-grained material to be subjected to dry distillation. The dry distillation residue is heated to a temperature of 600.degree.-850.degree. C before being mixed at least in part with the material which is to be subjected to dry distillation, said material containing at least 0.2% by weight magnesium carbonate and/or calcium carbonate.