Abstract: Pyrazines are manufactured by reaction of nitrooxiranes with ammonia. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, fungicides and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: 5-Cyanovaleric acid and its esters are manufactured by reacting pentenonitriles with water or alcohols and carbon monoxide in the presence of metal carbonyls and heterocyclic compounds at elevated temperature under pressure. 5-Cyanovaleric acid and its esters are starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, pesticides, fibers, especially nylon fibers, and plastics.

Abstract: 1,3-Butadiene is recovered with the aid of a selective solvent from a C.sub.4 -hydocarbon mixture containing 1,3-butadiene, hydrocarbons which are more soluble in said selective solvent than 1,3-butadiene, including acetylenes and possibly 1,2-butadiene and C.sub.5 -hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbons which are less soluble in said selective solvent than 1,3-butadiene. The C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture is separated by the use of one or more extractive distilling zones into a distillate containing the less soluble hydrocarbons, a stream consisting of 1,3-butadiene and a stream containing the more soluble hydrocarbons including the higher acetylenes and 1,3-butadiene, the latter stream being subjected to catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: Manufacture of 1-substituted oximino cycloalkenes-(1) by reacting appropriately substituted cycloalkenes with nitrogen monoxide and oxygen. The products are intermediates in the manufacture of dyes and pesticides.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Dihydrotriazine-4-oxide-spiro-(3,1')-[oximino-(2')-cycloalkanes] are manufactured by reaction of oximinocycloalk-1-enes, substituted in the 1-position, with hydrazine. The products, especially the triazine derivative described in Example 1, possess antiphlogistic properties and are starting materials for the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: New 1,2,4-dihydrotriazine-4-oxides and a new process for the manufacture of 1,2,4-dihydrotriazine-4-oxides by reaction of oximino-cycloalk-1-enes, which are substituted in the 1-position, with hydrazine and ketones. The compounds I are pesticides and starting materials for the manufacture of pesticides.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of butenediol diacetates, especially of but-2-ene-1,4-diol diacetate, by reaction of butadiene with oxygen and acetic acid, in the gas phase, over a solid catalyst which contains palladium and at least one element of main group 5 or 6.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of t-butanol by hydration of isobutylene by reaction of isobutylene or isobutylene-containing C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixtures at moderately elevated temperature with aqueous sulfuric acid and isolation of the t-butanol from the resulting solution of t-butanol in water and sulfuric acid, wherein the reaction is carried out at temperatures of from 20.degree. to 45.degree.C using 20-48% w/w aqueous sulfuric acid, the t-butanol being separated from the t-butanol solution in water and sulfuric acid by extraction, at temperatures of from 0.degree. to 50.degree.C, with saturated or mono-olefinically or di-olefinically unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons containing at least 3 carbon atoms or with aromatic hydrocarbons of from 6 to 10 carbon atoms or with a mixture of said hydrocarbons, whereupon the t-butanol is isolated from the extracted mixture of t-butanol and hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture.