Abstract: A measuring apparatus is proposed which offers significantly more measuring possibilities compared with conventional apparatus. In particular, in addition to measurements in the Z axis it allows measurements in the horizontal plane, the measurement of inclined prismatic bodies, the determination of angles of inclination and the definition of bores and cylinders through three or more points. The combined action of two measuring systems (MS1, MS2) allows the mass to be moved during measurement as well as the necessary contact pressure of the measuring probe (10) to be significantly reduced, thus rendering the measuring apparatus suitable for automatic measuring cycles. A carriage (6) is positioned so as to be movable advantageously by means of a magnet bearing on a column (3) advantageously made of ceramic material and the displacement measured by a measuring system (MS1). The displacement of the measuring probe (10) in relation to the carriage (6) is measured by at least a second measuring system (MS2).

Abstract: A measurement configuration which is particularly suitable for multi-probe measurement configurations and contains at least one linear measuring probe (10) which can be connected without any supplementary electronic circuit to standard measuring instruments, computers and printers or other evaluation devices (16). A display and control unit (70) can be attached to the linear measurement probe (10) in order to monitor the measuring process at the measurement location, or to transform the linear measuring probe (10) into a dial gage with analog or digital readout. A transducer and an electronic circuit are located in a cylinder (1) in addition to the guide bush for the measuring spindle. The electronic circuit converts the signals from the transducer into normalized measuring signals which can be directly processed by an external evaluation device (16). A cable (46) with a connector contains leads for signal transmission and a duct for controlling the measuring spindle for pressure variation.

Abstract: In order to provide an protractor with an electronic, digital display instead of a vernier angle scale, each section (6 and 10, and 8) of the capacitive element of a measuring device is connected to one of the arms (1, 3). Since the parts of this capacitive element must not be pressed against one another by the pressing together of the arms (1, 3) of the protractor, a clamping element (20) is required which can form a mechanical connection between the two arms (1, 3) through central bores (6a, 10a, 21a-c) in these parts when said arms (1, 3) are locked together in such a way that they cannot rotate relative to one another, by means of tightening a locking nut (4) on a central shaft (12).

Abstract: In the fields of mechanical engineering and toolmaking there is a frequent requirement for light but very strong constructional elements of high flexural strength, particularly as constructional components with minimum flexure despite unsupported free lengths. In the case of measurement instruments, for example, there is the problem that the rail (1) must, if possible, suffer no flexure even if used completely unsupported and with external forces acting upon it, if the reading is not to be incorrect. To this end, a constructional element in accordance with the invention with a plurality of bodies (2) made of, for example, ceramics which are connected using prestressing devices (3) or adhesives to form a rigid constructional component is presented. This structure prevents the ceramic elements from fracturing as a result of excessive bending moments since they can tilt or slide relative to each other.

Abstract: In order to provide the required electric power uninterruptedly to an electrical or electronic consuming device (M) powered by solar cells (1, 2, 3, 4), the supply of power to the consuming device must be assured even under inadequate illumination conditions and/or during brief failures of the solar collector (S), an electronic system is proposed wherein a control circuit (RK) is provided between the solar collector (S), the consuming device (M), and an electrical energy storage device (C1). The control circuit (RK) functions at least as a connecting and commutating switching device which, subject to the priority of maintaining the operational readiness of the consuming device (M); provides various interconnections of the solar collector (S), the storage device (C1), and the consuming device (M). The control circuit (RK) makes these various connections in dependence on (1) the voltage (U.sub.S) at the solar collector (S), (2) the voltage (U.sub.

Abstract: In order to so improve capacitive measuring devices equipped with capacitor elements having patterned electrode areas that they shall allow more accurate measurement and higher resolution than conventional elements of this design, the capacitor elements evince an absence of contact holes passing through the electrode areas where they might be located in the active capacitor zones. Because the electrode areas (11) are deposited on a substrate (13) with pre-fabricated contact holes or ducts (12), and because conducting strips (14) are present on the other side of the substrate (13) while passing through the contact holes (12) in said substrate layer and are connected to the back side of the electrode areas (11), capacitor elements are achieved free of any contact holes or points on the side of the electrode areas.

Abstract: Capacitors with variable capacitance in capacitive measuring devices consist of at least one first element (2), which is provided with electrode areas (1), which by displacement of this element (2) of the capacitor relative to a second element (10) of said capacitor produce predetermined changes in capacitance. Ideally, connections to the electrode areas (1) are made from the front, i.e. not through the substrate (6), which is achieved by the fact that an insulating layer (4), over which conducting strips (3) run, is interrupted at the locations where an electrical contact has to be made between a given electrode area (1a) and the appropriate conducting strip (3a), such that at these contact points (5a) the electrode area (1a) and the conducting strip (3a) lie in direct contact with one other and are capable of conducting electricity.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for separately measuring tension of strings, stiffness of frame in both strung and unstrung condition, and point of balance of a tennis racquet.

Abstract: For producing a hydrolized food product a stream of product is conveyed to a nozzle head (4) by means of a worm (1) and discharged via nozzles (8). Processed pieces of product are cut off from the stream of product one after another. The interrupter serving for this purpose displays a rotating element (5) that is arranged rigidly on the nozzle head side end of the worm (1) and rotates together with this latter. The rotating element (5) has recesses (10) that intermittently feed the stream of stock to the nozzle inlets (9) and sealing faces (12) that are arranged between the recesses (10) and seal the nozzle inlets (9) against the stream of stock between the feed phases. The edges (14) of the sealing faces (12), leading in the direction of rotation (13), guarantee the intermittent interruption of the stream of stock effecting cut-off of the pieces of product one after another.

Abstract: A lid catch on a container driven with superpressure is disclosed. A prestressed spring catch bolt is held in an engaged position due to the pressure exerted on an inner lid of the container which is transmitted by a counterpoise to the bolt. Therefore, releasing of the lid when the container is pressurized is impossible.