Abstract: An optical branching element has an input waveguide (10) and a plurality of output waveguides (20a, 20b), which are so disposed at a distance from the input waveguide (10) that a beam of light launched into the input waveguide (10) over a coupling path of a predefined length couples over with a defined intensity into the output waveguides (20a, 20b).

Abstract: A heat-insulator consisting ofa) A finely distributed, powdery or fibrous substance,b) A microporous casing andc) A gas- and watertight, metal-free casing.The heat insulator is manufactured by optionally drying the powdery or fibrous substance, optionally bringing it into a microporous casing, optionally pressing it and then optionally drying it. The powdery substance is then brought with the microporous casing into a gas- and watertight, metal-free casing. This gas- and watertight casing is optionally evacuated and sealed.

Abstract: A shaped body, preferably plate-shaped, for use as heat insulation, formed of (a) a finely distributed, powdery or fibrous substance, (b) a microporous casing, and (c) a gastight and watertight, metal-free casing. The shaped body is produced by drying a powdery or fibrous substance if necessary, optionally placing it into a microporous casing, optionally pressing and then optionally drying. Thereafter, the powdery substance is placed with the microporous casing into a gastight and watertight, metal-free casing. This gastight and watertight casing is optionally evacuated and sealed. Furthermore, a shaped article, preferably plate-shaped, for use as heat insulation, produced from (a) a finely distributed, powdery or fibrous substance with a water absorption capacity of 4 to 50% by weight at 23.degree. C.

Abstract: A heat-insulator consisting ofa) A finely distributed, powdery or fibrous substanceb) A microporous casing andc) A gas- and watertight, metal-free casing.The heat insulator is manufactured by optionally the powdery or fibrous substance, optionally bringing it into a microporous casing, optionally pressing it and then optionally drying it. The powdery substance is then brought with the microporous casing into a gas- and watertight, metal-free casing. This gas- and watertight casing is optionally evacuated and sealed.

Abstract: Precipitated silica is mixed with a solution of caustic soda, water and sodium aluminate to form a mixture of the composition:12.+-.3 Na.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :12.+-.3 SiO.sub.2 :200.+-.60 H.sub.2 O. This mixture was aged for 18-72 hours.

Abstract: Silicate-bound zeolite granulates are disclosed wherein the zeolite contains a cation which is not present in the binder, and where the zeolite can also contain the binder cation. The granulates are produced by placing powdered zeolite in a mixer, adding sodium silicate solution, mixing until zeolite granulates with a grain size of at least 0.1 mm are obtained, optionally after-rolling the zeolite granulates. The moist zeolite granulates can be initially dried at temperatures of 20 degrees to 39 degrees C., where the carbon dioxide content of the drying air is adjusted to less than 200 ppm. Thereafter, a second drying step can be carried out at temperatures of 40 degrees to 120 degrees C. as well as a third drying stage at 121 degrees to 200 degrees C. under otherwise identical conditions. The products may be activated at temperatures of 600 degrees C. maximum.

Abstract: Magnesium-silicate bound zeolite granulates of type A are disclosed wherein the zeolite component does not contain magnesium exclusively, or contains no magnesium at all, as the cation. The granulates are produced by placing powdered zeolite A in a mixer, adding sodium silicate solution, mixing until zeolite granulates with a grain size of at least 0.1 mm are obtained, optionally after-rolling these zeolite granulates, optionally initially drying the moist zeolite granulates at temperatures of 20 to 39 degrees C., during which the carbon dioxide content of the drying air is adjusted to less than 200 ppm, then optionally drying in a second drying step at temperatures of 40-120 degrees C. and optionally in a third drying stage at 121-200 degrees C. under otherwise identical conditions, and then optionally activating the granulates thus obtained at temperatures of 600 degrees C. maximum.

Abstract: According to the invention there are produced sodium Zeolite A granulates having the following parameters:______________________________________ Adsorption Data: (p/po = 0.8, 20.degree. C.) ______________________________________ H.sub.2 O > 22.0% NH.sub.3 > 11.0% CO.sub.2 .ltoreq. 0.1% O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 0.1% N.sub.2 .ltoreq. 0.1% Ar .ltoreq. 0.1% CH.sub.3 OH .ltoreq. 0.2% CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --OH .ltoreq. 0.2% ______________________________________The zeolite granulate is produced by having zeolite A powder present in a mixer, adding alkali silicate solution, mixing until there are obtained zeolite granulates having a particle size of at least 0.1 mm, in a given case post-rolling the granulates, first drying the moist zeolite granulates with air in a fluidized bed drier at a temperature of 20.degree. to 39.degree. C., during which the carbon dioxide content of the drying air is adjusted to less than 200 ppm, subsequently drying in a second drying step at a temperature of 40.degree.-120.degree. C.

Abstract: A seed mixture is produced by reacting an amorphous, synthetic sodium aluminum silicate with an Na.sub.2 O-supplying compound in an aqueous system at temperatures of 10.degree. to 35.degree. C. (room temperature). The seed mixture exhibits a composition of Na.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :SiO.sub.2 :H.sub.2 O=(12.+-.3):1:(15.+-.3):(240.+-.60). This seed mixture can be used in the synthesis of zeolite Y and/or zeolite X.

Abstract: There are produced crystalline zeolite powders of Type A with the composition1.0.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :1.85.+-.0.5 SiO.sub.2.y H.sub.2 Owhere M is a metal cation, n is its valence and y has a value up to 6 with 50 weight % of the particles not over 4.9.mu. and with a particle spectrum______________________________________ Fraction (.mu.) Portion (weight %) ______________________________________ <3 10 to 60 <5 55 to 95 <10 93 to 99 <15 96 to 100 ______________________________________by hydrothermally crystallizing a SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Na.sub.2 O and water containing alkali aluminate, water, silicate synthesis mixture with an optional tempering step wherein in a given case during the crystallization or tempering step instead of stirring shearing forces are employed. The process comprises mixing with stirring (1) an aqueous alkali silicate solution and (2) an aqueous sodium hydroxide with a NaOH content of 0.

Abstract: According to the invention there are produced sodium Zeolite A granulates having the following parameters:______________________________________ Adsorption Data: (p/po = 0.8, 20.degree. C.) ______________________________________ H.sub.2 O >22.0% NH.sub.3 >11.0% CO.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.1% O.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.1% N.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.1% Ar .ltoreq.0.1% CH.sub.3 OH .ltoreq.0.2% CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --OH .ltoreq.0.2% ______________________________________The zeolite granulate is produced by having zeolite A powder present in a mixer, adding alkali silicate solution, mixing until there are obtained zeolite granulates having a particle size of at least 0.1 mm, in a given case post-rolling the granulates, first drying the moist zeolite granulates with air in a fluidized bed drier at a temperature of 20.degree. to 39.degree. C., during which the carbon dioxide content of the drying air is adjusted to less than 200 ppm, subsequently drying in a second drying step at a temperature of 40.degree.-120.degree. C.

Abstract: There is produced crystalline zeolite powder of Type A having an average particle diameter of 8.5 to 9.0.mu. by introducing the components waterglass and alkali aluminate liquor under defined conditions simultaneously into a receiver containing alkali aluminate, stirring, first adding more alkali aluminate liquor and then more waterglass solution. The thus obtained crystalline zeolite powder of Type A is used as a phosphate substitute in washing agents.

Abstract: Crystalline zeolite powder of Type A is employed as a phosphate substitute in washing agents. For this use, it is advantageous if the crystalline zeolite powder of Type A has a specific average particle diameter of 4.3 to 8.5.mu. as well as a specifically narrow particle size distribution. By a specific sequence in the addition of the reactants in the precipitation of zeolites A this requirement of the product is fulfilled. Thereby water is present in a receiver and there are simultaneously added sodium aluminate liquor and waterglass solution and subsequently after a long stirring phase there are added further sodium aluminate liquor and further waterglass solution. The maximum grit content of the zeolite powder of Type A obtained is 0.2%.

Abstract: There is produced crystalline zeolite powder of Type A having an average particle diameter of 7 to 8.5.mu. by introducing the components waterglass and alkali aluminate liquor under defined conditions simultaneously into a receiver containing water, stirring, subsequently first adding more alkali aluminate liquor and then more waterglass solution. The thus obtained crystalline zeolite powder is used as a phosphate substitute in washing agents.

Abstract: There is produced a crystalline zeolite powder of Type A which can be employed as a phosphate substitute in washing agents by a precipitation reaction by a specific sequence in which there are simultaneously added to water in a container a waterglass solution and a sodium aluminate liquor and subsequently in succession a waterglass solution and then sodium aluminate liquor. The crystalline product has an average particle size of 6.7 to 8.mu. as well as a narrow particle size distribution curve.

Abstract: For the reduction of the ammonia content in the product gas of the hydrocyanic acid-methane-ammonia (BMA) process and accordingly to increase the yield the reaction gas mixture of this process is brought into contact with zeolite and the ammonia thereafter desorbed from the zeolite preferably again employed in the reaction step. If the desorption is carried out with a flushing gas such as the hydrocarbon used in the reaction then this mixture can be directly supplied again to the BMA reactor. Through this procedure the amount of ammonia previously lost to the process can again be made useful in the process itself.

Abstract: There are produced crystalline zeolite powders of Type A with the composition1.0.+-.0.2M.sub.2/n O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :1.85.+-.0.5SiO.sub.2.yH.sub.2 Owhere M is a metal cation, n is it valence and y has a value up to 6 with 50 weight % of the particles not over 4.3.mu. and with a particle spectrum:______________________________________ Fraction (.mu.) Portion (weight %) ______________________________________ <3 18 to 38 <5 70 to 82 <10 93 to 99 <15 96 to 100 ______________________________________by hydrothermally crystallizing a SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Na.sub.2 O and water containing alkali aluminate, water, silicate synthesis mixture with an optional tempering step wherein in a given case during the crystallization or tempering step instead of stirring shearing forces are employed. The process comprises providing an aqueous alkali aluminate liquor having a temperature of 30.degree. to 100.degree. C. and containing 0.1 to 100 grams of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 /l and 1 to 200 grams of Na.sub.

Abstract: There are produced crystalline zeolite powders of Type A with the composition1.0.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :1.85.+-.0.5 SiO.sub.2 .multidot.y H.sub.2 Owhere M is a metal cation, n is its valence and y has a value up to 6 with 50 weight % of the particles not over 4.9.mu. and with a particle spectrum______________________________________ Fraction (.mu.) Portion (weight %) ______________________________________ <3 10 to 60 <5 55 to 95 <10 93 to 99 <15 96 to 100 ______________________________________by hydrothermally crystallizing a SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Na.sub.2 O and water containing alkali aluminate, water, silicate synthesis mixture with an optional tempering step wherein in a given case during the crystallization or tempering step instead of stirring shearing forces are employed. The process comprises mixing with stirring (1) an aqueous alkali silicate solution and (2) an aqueous sodium hydroxide with a NaOH content of 0.

Abstract: There are produced crystalline zeolite powders of Type A with the composition1.0.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :1.85.+-.0.5 SiO.sub.2 .multidot.y H.sub.2 Owhere M is a metal cation, n is its valence and y has a value up to 6 with 50 weight % of the particles not over 6.2.mu. and with a particle spectrum:______________________________________ Fraction (.mu.) Portion (weight %) ______________________________________ <3 10 to 60 <5 25 to 95 <10 80 to 99 <15 92 to 100 ______________________________________by hydrothermally crystallizing a SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Na.sub.2 O and water containing alkali aluminate, water, silicate synthesis mixture with an optional tempering step wherein in a given case during the crystallization or tempering step instead of stirring shearing forces are employed. The process comprises providing an aqueous alkali aluminate liquor having a temperature of 50.degree. to 90.degree. C. and containing 0.1 to 100 grams of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 /l and 1 to 200 grams of Na.

Abstract: There are produced crystalline zeolite powders of Type A with the composition 1.0.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :1.85.+-.0.5 SiO.sub.2 .multidot.y H.sub.2 O where M is a metal cation, n is its valence and y has a value up to 6 with 50 weight % of the particles not over 4.0.mu. and with a particle spectrum______________________________________ Fraction (.mu.) Portion (weight %) ______________________________________ <3 35 to 60 <5 82 to 95 <10 93 to 99 <15 96 to 100 ______________________________________by hydrothermally crystallizing a SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Na.sub.2 O and water containing alkali aluminate, water, silicate synthesis mixture with optionally a tempering step wherein in a given case during the crystallization or tempering step instead of stirring shearing forces are employed. The process comprises providing an aqueous alkali silicate soluton, heating it to a temperature between 30.degree. and 80.degree. C.