Abstract: In various embodiments, a photovoltaic module is provided. The photovoltaic module may include a plurality of electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cell may include a substrate with a front-side and a rear-side, and a metallization on the rear-side of the substrate. At least some of the plurality of electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells are at least partially bifacial photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic module may further include an encapsulation of the plurality of photovoltaic cells. A first transparent cover may be arranged over the encapsulation, and a second transparent cover may be arranged over the encapsulation. A diffuse rear-side reflector may be arranged over the encapsulation where the diffuse rear-side reflector is disposed at a distance from the second transparent cover in the range from approximately 0.5 cm to 20 cm from the rear-side surface of the second transparent cover.

Abstract: A turbidimeter device, including: a fluidically closed turbidimeter vessel comprising a liquid sample inlet and a liquid sample outlet; a vacuum pump for generating underpressure in the turbidimeter vessel to degas the liquid sample; and an optical measurement device for an optical determination of the liquid sample turbidity. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A turbidimeter device, including: a fluidically closed turbidimeter vessel comprising a liquid sample inlet and a liquid sample outlet; a vacuum pump for generating underpressure in the turbidimeter vessel to degas the liquid sample; and an optical measurement device for an optical determination of the liquid sample turbidity. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A valve includes a housing, in which a first valve body is accommodated so that it is moveable in a direction of a longitudinal axis, a first valve seat configured to be closed by the first valve body and arranged on the housing, a first fluid flow path extending from a first connection via the first valve seat to a second connection, a second valve seat closeable by a moveable second valve body, the second valve body formed separately from the first valve body, a second fluid flow path extending from the first connection via a bypass duct in the first valve body, onwards via the second valve seat to the second connection, so that pressure at the first connection is limited upwardly by the first and the second valve body in that hydraulic fluid is led to the second connection via the first fluid flow path.

Abstract: In various embodiments a solar cell may include a solar cell wafer substrate made of silicon having a major share of mono crystalline structure with {111} crystal plane parallel to one wafer edge; a dielectric layer disposed over the backside of solar cell wafer substrate; a plurality of contact openings extending through the dielectric layer to the solar cell wafer substrate; a plurality of metal contacts formed in the plurality of contact openings; and a metal layer disposed over the dielectric layer; wherein the metal layer is electrically coupled to the solar cell wafer substrate by means of the plurality of metal contacts; wherein at least one contact opening of the plurality of contact openings extends non parallel to {111} crystal plane.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a tabbing ribbon for connecting at least one solar cell is provided, wherein the tabbing ribbon at least partially extends in a non-planar manner and includes a non-planar section.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a particle containing structured solder material is provided as solder material for joining a solar cell connector with a solar cell. That is why for example, the light incident on the solder material is reflected diffusely and thus partially delivered back to the solar cell, whereby the light captured by the solar cell is increased. Less of the solar cell surface is shadowed based on the solder material or the solar cell connector.

Abstract: A Solar module, particularly hybrid photovoltaic solar hot water module, having at least two adjoining solar cells, which are configured at least partially bifacial and are embedded into a transparent laminate, wherein the laminate has a laminate rear-side on which a structure for guiding a heat transfer medium is provided, wherein a first section of the structure facing the laminate rear-side has a reflecting surface and is disposed to reflect the incidental light on the solar module, which does not directly strike the solar cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solar cell module by the steps of: providing at least two bifacial solar cells; adjoining arrangement of the solar cells, wherein a gap is provided between the solar cells; providing a diffuse reflector in the gap area. The present invention also relates to such a solar cell module, wherein the diffuse reflector is disposed and configured such that it diffusely reflects the incident light and a portion of the diffusely reflected lights strikes on the solar cell through total reflection at the front boundary layer of the solar cell module.

Abstract: Photovoltaic module including a module laminate with several electrically interconnected partially or completely bifacial photovoltaic cells, which are embedded in an encapsulation material, wherein photovoltaic cells are adjacently disposed such that there is a cell gap between two respective mutually adjoining photovoltaic cells, wherein module laminate includes a front and rear-side surfaces which are opposite front-side surface; module frame, which encircles module laminate; module rear-wall disposed at distance from rear-side surface of module laminate and fixed on module frame, which covers at least one portion of rear-side surface of module laminate; wherein at least one portion of module rear-wall which is facing rear-side surface of module laminate, forms a diffuse backside reflector; wherein diffuse backside reflector is disposed such that at least one portion of light which penetrates through at least one cell gap of several cell gaps, is reflected on rear-side surface of module laminate.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a photovoltaic cell is provided. The photovoltaic cell may include a substrate with a front-side and a rear-side, an emitter area on the front-side of the substrate, and a metallization on the rear-side of the substrate. The area percentage of the metallization in middle area of the substrate is greater than in a border area, which at least partially surrounds the middle area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for encapsulating one or more solar cell(s) in a polymer matrix, said process comprising: (a) applying a matrix composition comprising at least one polymerizable compound to the surface of a first solid carrier material, the matrix composition being a structurally viscous liquid having a yield point; (b) placing the one or more solar cell(s) onto the matrix composition applied to the surface of the first carrier material; (c) applying the matrix composition to the surface of the solar cell; (d) placing a second solid carrier material onto the matrix composition applied to the surface of the solar cell; (e) pressing the structure composed of solar cell, matrix composition, and first and second carrier materials, such that the one or more solar cell(s) is/are surrounded by a continuous layer of matrix composition; and (f) polymerizing the matrix composition in order to form the polymer matrix, and to the use of this process for producing solar modules and to the solar

Abstract: In various embodiments, a solar cell screen-printing composition is provided, comprising aluminum; and silicon; the percentage by mass of silicon lying in a range from 5% to 95% of the sum of the percentages by mass of silicon and aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a solar module comprising one or more solar cell(s) encapsulated in a polymer matrix, wherein the process comprises applying a matrix composition to one or more solar cell(s) such that the one or more solar cell(s) is/are surrounded by a continuous layer of matrix composition and polymerizing the matrix composition in order to form a polymer matrix encapsulating the one or more solar cell(s), wherein the matrix composition is a structurally viscous liquid which comprises a polymerizable compound for forming the matrix and has a yield point, and to the thus obtainable solar modules.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a photovoltaic module may include: a plurality of photovoltaic cells, at least one photovoltaic cell of the number of photovoltaic cells comprising: a first plurality of contact wires on a front of the photovoltaic cell; and a second plurality of contact wires on a rear of the photovoltaic cell. The first plurality of contact wires and the second plurality of contact wires may be arranged offset with respect to one another.

Abstract: A valve includes a housing, in which a first valve body is accommodated so that it is moveable in a direction of a longitudinal axis, a first valve seat configured to be closed by the first valve body and arranged on the housing, a first fluid flow path extending from a first connection via the first valve seat to a second connection, a second valve seat closeable by a moveable second valve body, the second valve body formed separately from the first valve body, a second fluid flow path extending from the first connection via a bypass duct in the first valve body, onwards via the second valve seat to the second connection, so that pressure at the first connection is limited upwardly by the first and the second valve body in that hydraulic fluid is led to the second connection via the first fluid flow path.

Abstract: For contacting a silicon solar cell a pre-processed silicon substrate with a frontside and a backside is provided. Then, aluminum is deposited on the backside of the pre-processed silicon substrate, wherein aluminum-free regions remain on the backside. Then, a silver-free layer suitable for soldering on the backside of the silicon substrate is deposited so that the silver-free layer suitable for soldering covers at least the aluminum-free regions on the backside.

Abstract: An electrode for electrically connecting two photovoltaic cells is provided. Each photovoltaic cell may include a plurality of lamellar electrically conductive surface regions. The electrode may include a plurality of electrically conductive wires extending adjacent to one other; and a stabilizing structure coupled to the plurality of electrically conductive wires such that the space between the electrically conductive wires to one another is defined until the plurality of electrically conductive wires has been fixed on the plurality of lamellar electrically conductive surface regions of a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a method for fitting contact wires to a surface of a photovoltaic cell is provided. The method may include: feeding the contact wires to a contact wire positioning and placement device, wherein the contact wire positioning and placement device comprises a plurality of nozzles or eyes, wherein at least one contact wire is in each case passed through a respective nozzle or eye, for positioning and placement thereof onto the surface of the photovoltaic cell; positioning and placing the contact wires on the surface of the photovoltaic cell by means of the contact wire positioning and placement device; and attaching the contact wires to the surface of the photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: In various embodiments a solar cell may include a solar cell wafer substrate made of silicon having a major share of mono crystalline structure with {111} crystal plane parallel to one wafer edge; a dielectric layer disposed over the backside of solar cell wafer substrate; a plurality of contact openings extending through the dielectric layer to the solar cell wafer substrate; a plurality of metal contacts formed in the plurality of contact openings; and a metal layer disposed over the dielectric layer; wherein the metal layer is electrically coupled to the solar cell wafer substrate by means of the plurality of metal contacts; wherein at least one contact opening of the plurality of contact openings extends non parallel to {111} crystal plane.