Abstract: A ski comprising a guide pipe (2) guiding a string of elements that transmit a towing force to any conventional towing device attached to the string at suitable intervals. Instead of being a tension element like a wire, a rope or the like, which is conventional in known ski tows, the string consists of separate pressure elements (7), each having at either end an end face contacting the opposed end face of an adjacent element, whereby the towing force is transmitted by pushing the string, which is accordingly subjected to a compression force.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating a gravel type solid material with a liquid in a bath are described. The apparatus comprises means for supplying the solid material, means for transporting it through the bath and means for removing the processed solid material from the bath. The apparatus comprises further means for supply of liquid and tapping off of the liquor. The method comprises introduction of the gravel type solid material into the bath at its lower end and removal of the processed solid material at the upper end, the gravel type solid material being gradually transported upwards through the bath by means of rotating lifting members while liquid is introduced into the bath at its upper half while liquor is drained off at the lower half. The lifting member comprises at least one inclined plate which is rigidly fixed to a vertical tube through which the solid material is introduced into the bath or the tank.

Abstract: In charging electrothermic smelting furnaces the charge is fed batchwise to the furnace pot through annular charging units arranged more or less concentrically around each electrode. The charge is supplied to each annular charging unit which surrounds each electrode and consists of a rotatable chamber which comprises at least one bottom member and two substantially vertical side walls. The bottom member and the walls are rotated together for supply of charge to the chamber, then the bottom of the chamber is rotated separately from the walls whereby the charge contained between the walls of the chamber is allowed to fall into the furnace pot through at least one closable opening in said bottom member.

Abstract: The publication relates to means for cooling a body, comprising at least a tube through which a liquid coolant is flowing in order to remove heat away from the at least one tube and its surroundings. The tube(s) houses an internally arranged hose having a wall thickness, permeability and/or porousity and a quality which corresponds to the heat energy to be removed from the tube(s) and/or it surroundings. The hose has preferably an outer diameter which corresponds substantially to the internal diameter of the tube(s) and the hose is formed of a texture of a flexible material such as for example textile or fiberglass. The hose may be fastened to the tube at its inlet end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus for cooling an object which is exposed to high temperatures and particularly to cooling by heat transfer to a liquid. According to the invention an internal hose is disposed in a fluid conduit. The hose is permeable to the coolant liquid which is circulated therein so that there is created a substantially stagnant fluid boundary layer between the walls of the tube and the internal hose for efficient heat transfer to the circulating fluid within the hose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reduction furnace with a split furnace body, particularly suited for production of ferro alloys, pig iron or calcium carbide. Furnaces of such types are provided with a furnace pot equipped with an internal refractory lining anchored to the furnace wall by means of anchoring elements. According to the present invention the refractory lining of at least the upper section of the split furnace body comprises a plurality of individual, pre-fabricated elements which are removably arranged at least on the upper section. Each unit comprises preferably a rear plate of steel, pig iron or similar material and one or more anchoring ribs or bolts extending horizontally out from and rigidly secured to the rear plate. The anchoring ribs provide a hold for the refractory lining on the rear plate. The separate units are suspended at least from the upper segment by means of simple support means.

Abstract: An improved holder assembly for self-baking electrodes in an electrothermal smelting furnace comprises a plurality of contact clamps which are pressed towards the electrode by hydraulic presses between the clamps and a cylindrical body arranged externally around the clamps. The holder assembly is further equipped with means for conducting current, coolant and/or pressure agent to the contact clamps. The contact clamps extend at least up to the zone where the raw, unbaked electrode paste is unaffected by the heat from the smelting furnace. The cylindrical body extends up from the area of the presses. The cylindrical body is slidably arranged with respect to the contact clamps. Each of the contact clamps is separately suspended and may be moved individually with respect to each other and with respect to the surrounding cylindrical body.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is an apparatus for connecting two current conducting tubes, which also conduct fluids such as for example, a coolant. The connection apparatus conducts current from one tube to the other through a sleeve, the said tubes having a machined external surface against which the sleeve is pressed. A hose receiving hydraulic pressure is disposed between the sleeve and an external casing for providing a removable pressure against the sleeve for clamping the pipes in the sleeve. The present invention may be used in conjunction with a holder assembly for electrodes in an electrothermal smelting furnace.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a holder assembly for electrodes in an electrothermal smelting furnace. The holder assembly comprises a plurality of contact clamps which are pressed towards the electrode by means of pressure producing means and an externally arranged thrust member. The holder assembly is further equipped with means for communicating current, coolant and pressure agent to the contact clamps. The holder assembly is constructed as a single integrated unit where current, coolant and pressure agent are conducted through the same supply pipes. The supply pipes serve additionally as support for the holder and consequently the electrode. The pressure producing means is constructed as an integral part of the contact clamps while the supply pipes are welded on to the contact clamps.

Abstract: A holder assembly (2) for an electrode (1) in an electrothermal smelting furnace is movable suspended from a suspension means and comprises a plurality of contact clamps (3) which are pressed towards the electrode (1) by means of pressure producing means and an externally arranged thrust member (5). The holder assembly (2) is further equipped with means for supplying current to the electrode. The thrust member (5) is formed of the cooling shield which surrounds the electrode and the holder assembly. On the inner surface of the cooling shield (5) a plurality of vertical, current conducting rails (7) are arranged. Sliding contacts (10) arranged on the pressure producing means (4) are thrusted against the rails, providing proper electrical contact. The rails (7) are preferably insulated from the shield (5). The shield (5) may preferably be stationary arranged with respect to the electrode and constitute an integral part of the furnace roof/hood (6).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating a gravel type solid material with a liquid in a bath are described. The apparatus comprises means for supplying the solid material, means for transporting it through the bath and means for removing the processed solid material from the bath. The apparatus comprises further means for supply of liquid and tapping off of the liquor. The method comprises introduction of the gravel type solid material into the bath at its lower end and removal of the processed solid material at the upper end, the gravel type solid material being gradually transported upwards through the bath by means of rotating lifting members while liquid is introduced into the bath at its upper half while liquor is drained off at the lower half. The lifting member comprises at least one inclined plate which is rigidly fixed to a vertical tube through which the solid material is introduced into the bath or the tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to means for transporting/rotating the pot of a smelting furnace. The invention is particularly adapted to furnaces having rotating furnace pots and in particular to furnaces with a split furnace body. The pot is locked from rotation simply by letting the furnace pot rest on its foundation during intervals in which the pot is supposed to be at rest. The pot is rotatably arranged with respect to the furnace foundation and the rotation is produced by means of a plurality of transport means. The transport means are preferably evenly arranged around the circumference of the pot. The transport means comprises lifting means which periodically lift the pot partly or completely off its foundation. The lifting means are preferably of a type which provide a lifting force in vertical direction, either by means of a hydraulic medium or compressed air. The lifting means may for example be formed by one or more flexible hoses which communicates with a pressure producing source.

Abstract: An improved roof for covered electric smelting furnaces is disclosed. Cooling pipes are disposed on the outside of the roof and are of sufficient capacity and spacing to maintain a temperature on the inside of the roof of 150.degree. C.-400.degree. C. A sealing arrangement for adjacent sectors of the roof is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus providing a gas tight seal for electrodes in covered electrical smelting furnaces is disclosed. The apparatus is characterized by hydraulic hoses which permit movement of the electrodes and their associated holders without loss of a gas tight seal.

Abstract: A gas purification device comprising substantially concentric chambers separated by a filter tube is disclosed. The filter tube forms a common wall between adjacent chambers. Gas enters one of the chambers, passes through the filter, and exits from the other chamber. The gas is filtered by passage through the permeable wall. The filter tube may be rotated as a unit about a central shaft to move the walls of the cylinder past cleaning means such as scrapers, brushes, vibrators or pressurized gas blasts. The apparatus has special application to the purification of high temperature waste gasses from industrial furnaces.

Abstract: A method of treating the silica dust recovered from waste gasses by wet-washing of the gasses is disclosed. The sludge material is charged to a rotary kiln at a temperature of 800.degree. - 1,400.degree. C. in the presence of an oxidizing or reducing agent whereby the sludge is converted to pellets while phenols and cyanides are simultaneously treated.

Abstract: A gas collection apparatus for use in open electrical smelting furnaces is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an annular body about the outer circumference of the furnace and sealed to the top edge of the furnace on one side thereof with a sloped wall extending into the furnace on the other side to a depth below the normal height of the charge in the furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to smelting furnace venturi gas scrubbers of the Warkaus type in which the central nozzle is substituted by three or more nozzles which are arranged along the inner circumference of the venturi tube, in or adjacent its narrowest portion, the mouths of the nozzles being flush with the inner surface of the venturi tube.

Abstract: An improved rotatable furnace pot for smelting furnaces is disclosed. The furnace pot is segmented into upper and lower sections rotatable with respect to each other whereby substantial advantage is obtained as compared to unitary rotatable smelting pots.

Abstract: A gas collection apparatus for use in open electrical smelting furnaces is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an annular body about the outer circumference of the furnace and sealed to the top edge of the furnace on one side thereof with a sloped wall extending into the furnace on the other side to a depth below the normal height of the charge in the furnace.