Abstract: Solid or pasty fuel additive compositions comprise a homogeneous mixture of a solid compacting agent soluble in fuel and at least one liquid fuel additive, the compositions having an additive content of from more than about 40 to 99% by weight, based on their total weight.

Abstract: Copolymers I carrying functional groups and comprising

Abstract: Copolymers I carrying functional groups and comprising a) 20-60 mol % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated C4-C6-dicarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, b) 10-70 mol % of at least one oligomer of propene or of a branched 1-olefin of 4 to 10 carbon atoms, having an average molecular weight Mw of from 300 to 5000, and c) 1-50 mol % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated compound which is copolymerizable with the monomers a) and b), a process for their preparation, oil-soluble reaction products obtainable therefrom by reaction with an amine and the use of said reaction products as additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of organic nitrogen compounds, in particular of aminoalkanes, alkyloximes, alkylnitrones or mixtures thereof, which have only one nitrogen-functional group and no alcoholic hydroxyl groups in the molecule, from nitro-containing reaction products of polymers of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -olefins with an average degree of polymerization P=5-100 with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and oxygen by hydrogenation of these reaction products. The invention also relates to particular mixtures of such aminoalkanes, alkyloximes and/or alkylnitrones and to individual compounds of these types themselves. The designated products are suitable as additives to fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

Abstract: Reaction products of polymers of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -olefins having an average degree of polymerization P of from 5 to 100 and oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen are used as additives for fuels, in particular for fuels for gasoline engines.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyolefins having predominantly a terminal double bond and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 10,000, which possess an aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton which is straight-chain or carries C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl side chains, with from 1 to 10 mol, per equivalent of double bond, of one or more vinyl esters I ##STR1## are obtainable by reacting the stated polyolefins with the vinyl esters I in the presence of a free radical initiator at from 80 to 200.degree. C., it being possible for these reaction products subsequently to have been hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols or converted into the corresponding amines by reductive amination with amines II ##STR2## .

Abstract: Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

Abstract: Carboxylic esters of the formula IR.sup.1 --CO--O--R.sup.2 I,whereR.sup.1 is an aliphatic, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having alkyl side chains and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 5000 andR.sup.2 is a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a radical of the formula II ##STR1## where R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, independently of one another, are each hyrogen, branched or straight-chain alkyl, an aromatic radical or an araliphatic radical which may also contain heteroatoms,R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, independently of one another, are each branched or straight-chain alkyl or an aromatic or araliphatic radical which may also contain heteroatoms,X is O, S, NR.sup.9 or PR.sup.9, where R.sup.9 is an aliphatic or aromatic radical,n and m, independently of one another, are each from 2 to 20, andx is from 0 to 30,are used as fuel additives or lubricant additives, and fuel compositions or lubricant compositions contain these additives.

Abstract: Method for applying spacing material to a sheet printed by a printing press includes providing spacing material which is solid at least at ambient temperature, spotwise applying individual spacing material particles formed from the spacing material onto a surface of the sheet, and fixing the applied spacing material particles to the sheet; and a printing-press device for performing the method.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for hydrogenating organic compounds, essentially containing from 65 to 80% of nickel, calculated as nickel oxide, from 10 to 25% of silicon, calculated as silicon dioxide, from 2 to 10% of zirconium, calculated as zirconium oxide, and from 0 to 10% of aluminum, calculated as aluminum oxide, with the proviso that the sum of the content of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide is at least 15% (percentages in % by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst), obtainable by addition of an acidic aqueous solution of nickel, zirconium and, if desired, aluminum salts to a basic aqueous solution or suspension of silicon compounds and if desired aluminum compounds, the pH of the mixture thus obtained being decreased to at least 6.

Abstract: Fuels for gasoline engines contain small amounts of polyetheramines IR.sup.1 --(OBu).sub.n --NR.sup.2 R.sup.3 (I)whereR.sup.1 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkyl,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, aminoalkylene of the general formula II--R.sup.4 --NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 (II)or polyaminoalkylene of the general formula III--(R.sup.4 --NR.sup.5).sub.m --R.sup.6 (III)whereR.sup.4 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, independently of one another, are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl and m is from 2 to 8,Bu is a butylene radical derived from butylene oxide andn is from 12 to 28.

Abstract: Metal oxide powders comprised of Cr(III) oxide, Ti(IV) oxide, V(V) oxide, or mixtures of these, or metal mixed oxides comprised of Cr(III) oxide and Ti(IV) oxide and V(V) oxide, or their mixtures. They have BET surfaces of 5-50m.sup.2 /g and mean particle diameters of 25-350 nm and are useful to increase conversion and selectivity in the manufacture of mono-olefins by catalytic dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons. The metal oxide powders are produced from mixtures of the vaporized metal compounds chromyl chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and vanadyl chloride, in the presence of certain gases by laser pyrolysis.

Abstract: Metal oxide powders comprised of Cr(III) oxide, Ti(IV) oxide, V(V) oxide, or mixtures of these, or metal mixed oxides comprised of Cr(III) oxide and Ti(IV) oxide and V(V) oxide, or their mixtures. They have BET surfaces of 5-50 m.sup.2 /g and mean particle diameters of 25-350 nm and are useful to increase conversion and selectivity in the manufacture of mono-olefins by catalytic dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons. The metal oxide powders are produced from mixtures of the vaporized metal compounds chromyl chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and vanadyl chloride, in the presence of certain gases by laser pyrolysis.