Abstract: A catalyst comprising the oxides of bismuth, molybdenum, iron and at least one element of the Group II metals as essential components and optionally oxides of cobalt, nickel, phosphorus, arsenic and an alkali metal.

Abstract: A process is provided for the oxydehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids or a lower alkyl ester thereof with oxygen in the presence of iron phosphorus oxide catalysts containing promoters selected from the group Ag, Al, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Ni, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, Zn, Zr, rare earths and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids using a catalyst containing antimony, iron, bismuth, molybdenum plus at least one of nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium or calcium within certain compositional limits. These catalysts may also contain certain elements that further enhance the desirability of the oxidation process.

Abstract: High yields of unsaturated nitriles are obtained by the oxidation of olefin-ammonia mixtures in the presence of a catalyst comprising the oxides of bismuth, molybdenum, iron and at least one element of the Group II metals as essential components, and optionally the oxides of cobalt, nickel, phosphorus, arsenic and an alkali metal.

Abstract: A process is provided for the oxydehydrogenation of saturated carboxylic acids with oxygen in the presence of iron phosphorus oxide catalysts containing promoters selected from the group Ag, Al, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Ni, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, Zn, Zr, rare earths and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An alcohol composition suitable for mixing with gasoline comprises at least 30 percent by weight of methanol, the remainder of said composition comprising higher alcohols the distribution of which on a methanol-free basis isC.sub.2 --about 10 to 90 weight percent,C.sub.3 --about 15 to 60 weight percent,C.sub.4 --about 0.5 to 35 weight percent,C.sub.5 --about 0 to 15 weight percent,C.sub.6 --about 0 to 15 weight percent,and wherein the percent of C.sub.3 is equal to or greater than 1.25 times the percent of C.sub.4.The alcohol composition can be prepared from hydrogen and carbon monoxide under alcohol forming conditions in the presence of a catalyst containing copper and uranium and alkali or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: An alcohol mixture suitable for combining with gasoline is produced by contacting synthesis gas at elevated temperature and pressure with an oxide complex catalyst containing copper, thorium, an alkali metal and at least one other specific element.

Abstract: A catalyst composition containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal uranate suitable for the conversion of mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen has the formulaCu.sub.a U M.sub.b A.sub.c O.sub.xwhere M is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Th, Pd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Ce, V, Ru, Rh, Al, Re, Os, Pt, Ir, Ag, Ti, La and Zr, A is an alkaline or alkali earth metal anda is from 0.01 to 5.0;b is from 0 to 5.0 with the proviso that when M is Th the value of b is less than 1;c is a number up to 5.0 selected so that the catalyst composition contains more than 2 percent by weight of Metal A;x is a number such that the valence requirements of the other elements for oxygen are satisfied.The catalyst composition can be used to prepare an alcohol composition containing at least 30 percent by weight of methanol, the remainder of said composition comprising higher alcohols, the distribution of which on a methanol-free basis isC.sub.2 -10 to 90 weight percentC.sub.3 -15 to 60 weight percentC.sub.

Abstract: A ruthenium-free catalyst suitable for the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to alcohols, particularly methanol, comprises a mixture of metal oxides of the metals copper and beryllium where the atomic ratio of copper to beryllium is from about 0.01 to 1 to 20.0 to 1. A further metal M such as Th or Al may also be present, the atomic ratio of the metal M to beryllium being from about 0.1 to 1 to 7.5 to 1.The catalyst can be employed as convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure, for example 100.degree. to 500.degree. C. and 150 to 4000 psig, to a product rich in alcohols and low in acids and hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An alcohol mixture suitable for combining with gasoline is produced by contacting synthesis gas at elevated temperature and pressure with an oxide complex catalyst containing copper, thorium, an alkali metal and at least one other specific element.

Abstract: An alcohol mixture suitable for combining with gasoline is produced by contacting synthesis gas at elevated temperature and pressure with an oxide complex catalyst containing copper, thorium, an alkali metal and at least one other specific element.

Abstract: An alcohol mixture suitable for combining with gasoline is produced by contacting synthesis gas at elevated temperature and pressure with an oxide complex catalyst containing copper, thorium, an alkali metal and at least one other specific element.

Abstract: Monoolefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum, and cobalt or nickel or both, and optionally an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, rare earth metals, tantalum and niobium, and optionally one or more of the oxides of the elements selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and arsenic.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of alkyl esters from carboxylic acids wherein an aqueous stream containing a first carboxylic acid, RCO.sub.2 H, is contacted with an organic stream comprising a carboxylic acid ester, R"CO.sub.2 R', so that the organic stream is enriched with RCO.sub.2 H. The RCO.sub.2 H enriched organic stream is separated from the aqueous stream and is contacted with a catalyst to obtain a second carboxylic acid, R"CO.sub.2 H, and a product carboxylic acid ester, RCO.sub.2 R'. The product ester, RCO.sub.2 R', is separated from the second acid, R"CO.sub.2 H, the reactant ester, R"CO.sub.2 R', and the first acid, RCO.sub.2 H, and the second acid, R"CO.sub.2 H, is esterified to obtain the reactant ester, R"CO.sub.2 R', which is recycled to the initial part of the process. In this process R is aliphatic or aromatic, R' is alkyl and R" is aliphatic with at least about 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: In an emulsifier system for the tertiary recovery of oil comprising a surfactant and an alcohol cosurfactant, improved results are achieved if the alcohol cosurfactant is composed of a mixture of alcohols having no more than 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for producing HCN by contacting CO and NH.sub.3 with a catalyst comprising a porous catalyst support, a Group VIII metal which is at least one of Fe, Ni, Co and Ru, and carbon, wherein the metal is disposed on the pore surfaces of the support and the carbon is randomly bonded to the metal.

Abstract: Aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are oxidized to carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, by contacting the aldehyde with oxygen at oxidative conditions in the presence of a catalyst of the empirical formulaMo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 Cu.sub.0.01-2 V.sub.0.1-3 M.sub.0.1-3 M'.sub.0.01-3 O.sub.x (I)whereM is at least one of K, Rb, Cs and Tl;M' is at least one of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Ti, Zr, Ta, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ag, Al, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Bi, Te, Ce, Th, U and Sb; andx is a number that satisfies the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: Catalysts containing iron, molybdenum, bismuth and nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, calcium or beryllium have been found to give especially large volumes of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile in a given time when manganese, antimony, thorium, zirconium, yttrium or mixtures thereof are incorporated into the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is a reactor that consists of a single shell that contains a reaction zone and a regeneration zone. The reaction zone and regeneration zone are arranged in such a manner that (a) a particulate solid may be transferred by flow of gases from the regeneration zone to the reaction zone by a first route and then back to the regeneration zone by a second route; and (b) the gases passing through the regeneration zone are not transferred to the reaction zone and the gases passing through the reaction zone are not transferred to the regeneration zone.

Abstract: A vapor phase catalytic oxydehydrogenation process for the conversion of a steam of mixed isomeric isoamylenes, methyl butanols or mixtures thereof to isoprene with relatively short contact times at a reactor temperature in the range of 500.degree. F. to 1100.degree. F. at from 0.5 to about 10 atmospheres pressure. The catalysts comprise an alkali metal as an essential catalytic ingredient.