Abstract: Limiter optics for an ignition feedback regenerative free electron laser amplifier have a pickoff mirror direct a portion of the output from the free electron laser through a focusing assembler. After expanding this pickoff beam spatially and temporally, the focusing assembler first focuses the expanded pickoff beam to a focal point, the expanded focused pickoff beam is then passed through a movable limiter plate which serves as an off switch if the pickoff beam is above a predetermined intensity and then refocuses the expanded pickoff beam back into the free electron laser to enhance the emission intensity of the output beam. The expanded mirror may be a half silvered mirror or a phased mirror with a plurality of mesas. The pickoff mirror may be convex. The half silvered mirror produces two segments in the pickoff beam with a time lag dependent on the thickness of the mirror.

Abstract: Limiter optics for an ignition feedback regenerative free electron laser amplifier have a pickoff mirror direct a portion of the output from the free electron laser through a focusing assembler. After expanding this pickoff beam spatially and temporally, the focusing assembler first focuses the expanded pickoff beam to a focal point, the expanded focused pickoff beam is then passed through a movable limiter plate which serves as an off switch if the pickoff beam is above a predetermined intensity and then refocuses the expanded pickoff beam back into the free electron laser to enhance the emission intensity of the output beam. The expanded mirror may be a half silvered mirror or a phased mirror with a plurality of mesas. The pickoff mirror may be convex. The half silvered mirror produces two segments in the pickoff beam with a time lag dependent on the thickness of the mirror.

Abstract: The present invention provides retention devices for securing an expendable mass, e.g., lipsticks, deodorants, anti-perspirants, glue or the likes, to an expellant holder by providing one or more spikes fixedly attached to a receiving cup of the expellant holder such that the one or more spikes penetrate the expendable mass to anchor the mass to the receiving cup.

Abstract: The present invention provides a disposable applicator for sampling cosmetics including lipsticks at the retail counters. Also provided are methods for extracting or otherwise transferring the cosmetics onto the applicator and sampling the cosmetics.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to measure the absolute reflectivity of a sample is made by use of a multiple pass reflectometer. A given light beam permits measurement of the absolute reflectivity by comparing a portion of the light beam in a reference White cell to the change in light of another portion of the beam which undergoes equivalent reflections except for the addition of the sample in one configuration as compared to the other.

Abstract: An optical testing apparatus for use in non-destructive testing of optical omponents to evaluate their operational requirements. The optical component to be tested is mounted on a fixture that allows its accurate alignment and rotation so the entire surface area of the optical component can be scanned in discrete areas. A laser light source is positioned to illuminate the optical component with coherent light beams or rays. An aperture positioned in the light beam permits adjustment of the diameter of the light beam impinging on the optical component to be evaluated. Whenever an imperfection is present in the optical component a portion of the light rays illuminating the imperfection will be disarranged or scattered. Both the non-scattered and scattered light rays are gathered by means of pyroelectric detectors and their outputs are compared for obtaining an electrical signal that is proportional to the intensity of the scattered light caused by the imperfection.