Abstract: A tissue examination apparatus particularly useful for automated breast palpation is provided. The apparatus includes an actuator having an extendable probe for contacting the tissue and an electronic control module that controls extension and retraction of the probe. The electronic control module determines displacement distances of the probe and forces exerted on the probe at each displacement distance when the probe is extended so as to contact the tissue. The apparatus also has a drive assembly secured to a frame. The drive assembly includes a movable carriage and a corresponding drive motor. The actuator is mounted on the movable carriage. The drive motor receives motion control signals from the electronic control module and thereby moves the actuator over a patient's body. At different locations, the probe is extended into the patient's tissue and force and displacement readings are obtained and sent to the electronic control module.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simply, rapidly and reliably determining the diagnostically relevant quality and the general reliability of X-ray mammograms. A mammogram quality reference test standard is provided in which particulate matter of selectable form, composition and size is temporarily affixed on the breast itself for exposure to radiation during production of a diagnostic mammographic radiograph. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the test standard utilizes particulate matter which includes smaller particles useful in evaluating resolution in the film as well as contrast, and larger particles useful primarily in evaluating contrast in the film. The test zone itself is clearly delineated by suitable, easily visible markers so as clearly to be identifiable, and the area occupied by the test standard is preferably kept small so as to ensure a minimum of interference with a viewing of the image of the tissues of the breast.

Abstract: In combination with an apparatus for conducting radiographic examination of the breast under tissue compressive conditions, a positionably adjustable table serving as a support for body components and as a shield against radiation exposure during operation of X-ray equipment in carrying-out the method of the invention. There is also disclosed an improved mechanism for controllably positioning the compressive plates between which the breast of the patient is restrained during radiographic examination.

Abstract: A stretcher-like table or cradle for use as a body support during radiological examination. The table includes means whereby it may be arcuately pivotally manipulated about each of two mutually perpendicular horizontal axes. For specific uses in mammographic procedures, the support surface or web of the table is provided with a cut-away areal zone through which the gravitationally suspended breast of the female subject depends. Selective and controlled pivotal tilting of the table makes precise orientational positioning of the suspended tissue feasible, so as to provide improved fidelity and enhanced diagnostic value for the radiographic film images produced.