Abstract: A process which can be used to produce an organic disulfide is provided. The process comprises contacting a mercaptan in the presence of an oxygen-containing fluid, a catalyst, optionally a cocatalyst, and further optionally a solvent or a surfactant or combination of a solvent and surfactant under a condition sufficient to oxidize the mercaptan to an organic disulfide.

Abstract: A composition comprises at least one inorganic oxide and an oxygen-containing metal compound selected from the group consisting of a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The composition can be optionally supported on a support such as an alumina. A process for producing mercaptans comprises contacting an alcohol with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of the composition under a condition sufficient to produce a mercaptan.

Abstract: A composition comprises at least one inorganic oxide and an oxygen-containing metal compound selected from the group consisting of a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The composition can be optionally supported on a support such as an alumina. A process for producing mercaptans comprises contacting an alcohol with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of the composition under a condition sufficient to produce a mercaptan.

Abstract: Cyclic polyenes are selectively hydrogenated to cyclic monoenes under suitable hydrogenation conditions in the presence of an activated ruthenium catalyst complexes. The ruthenium catalyst complex is activated by hydrogenating a minimal amount of cyclic polyene under suitable hydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: Cyclic polyenes are selectively hydrogenated to cyclic monoenes under suitable hydrogenation conditions in the presence of an activated ruthenium catalyst complexes. The ruthenium catalyst complex is activated by hydrogenating a minimal amount of cyclic polyene under suitable hydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: A regenerator control system is disclosed which is particularly useful in connection with combustion promoted cracking catalysts. The air flow is controlled responsive to the temperature in the dilute phase, first in a direct mode when the amount of combustibles on the catalyst is at or above a set point and second in accordance with a reverse mode when the amount of combustibles is below such a set point. This versatile control system allows a safe operation of a regenerator under a variety of conditions.

Abstract: A regenerator control system is disclosed which is particularly useful in connection with combustion promoted cracking catalysts. The air flow is controlled responsive to the temperature in the dilute phase, first in a direct mode when the amount of combustibles on the catalyst is at or above a set point and second in accordance with a reverse mode when the amount of combustibles is below such a set point. This versatile control system allows the safe operation of a regenerator under a variety of conditions.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for the automatic adjustment of the fractionation column pressure in a fractionator system which employs total condensation of overhead vapor and a liquid full reflux accumulator to thus float the column pressure above minimum column pressure. The set point of a pressure controller, which manipulates the overhead product control valve to adjust column pressure, is automatically adjusted in response to a desired offset of condensate subcooling from the overhead bubble point temperature which is repeatedly automatically calculated in response to analysis of the overhead product composition and pressure. Appropriate limits and overrides are also disclosed to prevent sudden changes in column pressure which might upset system operation.