Abstract: A rugged, miniature, spectroscopic gas analyzer apparatus for rapid, non-invasive, multi-component breath monitoring and analysis and subsequent determination of Q or other medical diagnostic applications. The system is comprised of one or more IR emitters focussed by optical elements through a low volume sample cell receiving a sample input of a patient's breath for analysis. The patient either at rest or during exercise, inhales C2H2—SF6 mixtures (balance of oxygen and nitrogen) which is subsequently monitored upon exhalation for CO2, H2O, C2H2, and SF6 which can be employed to determine Q directly and accurately. Measurements are performed in real-time or via post-processing of stored original data. Due to its small size, ruggedness, and low power consumption, the monitor can conveniently be employed in the field or data can also be retrieved remotely using telemetry.

Abstract: A rugged, miniature, spectroscopic gas analyzer apparatus for rapid, non-invasive, multi-component breath monitoring and analysis and subsequent determination of Q or other medical diagnostic applications. The system is comprised of one or more IR emitters focussed by optical elements through a low volume sample cell receiving a sample input of a patient's breath for analysis. The patient either at rest or during exercise, inhales C2H2—SF6 mixtures (balance of oxygen and nitrogen) which is subsequently monitored upon exhalation for CO2, H2O, C2H2, and SF6 which can be employed to determine Q directly and accurately. Measurements are performed in real-time or via post-processing of stored original data. Due to its small size, ruggedness, and low power consumption, the monitor can conveniently be employed in the field or data can also be retrieved remotely using telemetry.

Abstract: A spectroscopic IR and UV-vis absorption remote exhaust emission monitoring system and sensing instrument for non-invasive, multicomponent analysis of the exhaust plume emitted by in-use vehicles. The concentration of CO, CO2, HC, NO, N2O, C2H2, NH3, SO2, Aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, HONO, NO2, and dust, among others and in any combination there-of, in such a mixture can be determined in real-time, or via post-processing of stored spectral data. The sensor employs an IR and a UV-vis sources, and the physically offset, collimated beams traverse the probed air column, typically a roadway, a plurality of times, before returning to the instrument. Although the IR and UV-vis beams converge at the optics opposite the instrument, they are not coaxial and, thus, do not require an optical device (i.e., dichroic beam splitter) to separate them. The separate IR and UV-vis beams are focused on the slits of rapid spectrometers, where they are analyzed to yield wavelength-resolved spectra (i.e.

Abstract: Instrumentation to detect the presence of, or to measure the concentration of, a gas or pollutant in a gaseous environment. With the use of spectroscopic techniques and energy beams having suitable wavelengths, the presence and concentrations of these can be detected and measured, not only in flowing streams such as in process streams or exhaust stacks, but above a ground area, around its perimeter, or across the road. A calibration means including an internal audit cell and a retrodirective reflector is also shown.

Abstract: A liquid and gas analyzing system that provides a sample collecting probe that delivers the sample through inert materials to prevent any contamination. For gas analyzing for environmental monitoring process control, a sample collecting probe having a borosilicate glass tube liner connected through an inner spiral tube to the analyzer prevents contamination. The system then delivers the sample to a single pass radiated optical cell by a light beam. The light beam is collected by a miniature CCD array spectrometer and delivered to an industrial PC. The output from the industrial PC is then delivered to a software controlled data acquisition system for analysis. The system is constructed to be a modular in design allowing addition of complementary components for measuring and analyzing different materials.

Abstract: Instrumentation to detect the presence of, or to measure the concentration of, a gas or pollutant in a gaseous environment. With the use of gas filter correlation techniques and energy beams having suitable wavelengths, the presence and concentrations of these can be detected and measured, not only in flowing streams such as in exhaust stacks, but above a ground area and around its perimeter. A calibration means using a retrodirective reflector is also shown.

Abstract: A gas analyzer which utilizes an infrared beam which passes through or has emanated from a gas stream. The analyzer has a plurality of gas cells which contain gas of the type whose concentration is being measured in various concentrations and at various total pressures. A beam of energy is forwarded to the analyzer, and is passed selectively to the various cells. In one embodiment, the cells are mounted where a rotatable deflector can selectively deflect and receive the beam to and from two fixed beam segments so that sequential readings at an infrared detector can provide measurements of concentrations, and calibration. In another embodiment, the cells are selectively moved into the beam path. The beam is formed and forwarded by a Cassegrainean system or by a combination of reflectors including a retro-reflector. An infrared calibration beam which does not pass through the gas stream is utilized for calibration.

Abstract: A furnace containing a burner, supplied by fuel to be ignited at the burner, in the presence of air, is provided with a viewing duct for viewing the flame and means for detecting the radiation intensity at a plurality of different wavelengths of the radiation spectrum. The output from the detector is amplified and integrated and a signal representing the ratio of intensities at the selected wavelengths is applied to an indicator to indicate fuel-air ratio and also is applied to control means for the fuel flow or the air flow, or both, to control the fuel-air ratio at the burner and to maintain it substantially constant at a desired value. This can be done at more than one burner, providing balanced furnace operation. With this balanced furnace, there is improved firing efficiency, resulting in fuel saving and lowered pollution emissions. A computer type master controller can be used to correlate the fuel-air ratios for the individual burners.