Abstract: A portable electric water heater has spaced concentrically disposed ferromagnetic electrodes defining an annular chamber for an electrically conductive liquid to be contained between the electrodes. The electrodes are encased in a housing having a liquid inlet and outlet and wired to pass an electric heating current between the electrodes and through the liquid therebetween to heat the liquid in the annular chamber. The liquid acts as a switch, breaking the heating current flow when no liquid is present in the annular chamber. An electromagnetic induction coil is disposed around one of the electrodes and has one of its leads connected to the electrode. The other induction coil lead and the other electrode are connected to a source of electric current. Completion of the electric circuit by introduction of a liquid between the electrodes also energizes the electromagnetic induction coil to further heat the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for the continuous ignition of fuel, including substantially aqueous fuel, has a housing with a closed end, an open end and a continuous side wall with a spark generator at the closed end. The open end is covered by a cap which defines an exhaust port. A spark passing from the spark generator to the cap ignites the fuel. A method for continuously igniting the fuel involves passing the fuel through an electric arc created between a spark generator and a cathodic surface.