Abstract: Updating software in consideration of a preceding software update state is performed in an electronic control unit of a vehicle. A server communicates with a software update apparatus that updates software of an in-vehicle control device. The server includes a software update sequence control unit that manages a software update to the in-vehicle control device. When a subsequent second software update is registered in the server during an application of a preceding first software update to the in-vehicle control device, the software update sequence control unit determines whether to interrupt the application of the first software update and start an application of the second software update to the in-vehicle control device based on information relating to the application of the first software update, information relating to the application of the second software update, and an update processing state of the first software update to the in-vehicle control device.

Abstract: Software is prevented from being distributed due to a human-caused error. A software distribution system includes a software distribution server that uses a campaign to manage an update of a function for an in-vehicle device of a vehicle and remotely distributes software based on the campaign, a terminal that executes input and output, and a software update device that is attached to the vehicle and configured to download the distributed software and install the software in the in-vehicle device. In the software distribution system, when the creation of the campaign is requested, statistical information of updated amounts of the software updated based on the most recent multiple campaigns in the target in-vehicle device for the requested campaign is compared with an updated amount of the software updated based on the requested campaign. When a predetermined requirement is satisfied, the requested campaign is not created and a predetermined alert is notified.

Abstract: Updating software in consideration of a preceding software update state is performed in an electronic control unit of a vehicle. A server communicates with a software update apparatus that updates software of an in-vehicle control device. The server includes a software update sequence control unit that manages a software update to the in-vehicle control device. When a subsequent second software update is registered in the server during an application of a preceding first software update to the in-vehicle control device, the software update sequence control unit determines whether to interrupt the application of the first software update and start an application of the second software update to the in-vehicle control device based on information relating to the application of the first software update, information relating to the application of the second software update, and an update processing state of the first software update to the in-vehicle control device.

Abstract: Control for the flexible distribution of update software is realized. An in-vehicle software distribution system 1 is configured comprising an in-vehicle software distribution server (telematics center 10) which manages updates to an identical function by means of a campaign for an in-vehicle system (an engine ECU 241, for example) of a plurality of vehicles 20 and distributes software of the campaign remotely to target vehicles, a terminal 30, and a software update apparatus 210 which is mounted in each of the plurality of vehicles 20. Furthermore, in the telematics center 10, a campaign management unit 112 categorizes the campaign target vehicles into groups based on a predetermined criterion and creates a plurality of sub-campaigns which are subordinate to the campaign for each of the categorized groups, and a software distribution unit (an update software distribution unit 113) distributes software remotely to the target vehicles for each of the sub-campaigns.

Abstract: Software is prevented from being distributed due to a human-caused error. A software distribution system includes a software distribution server that uses a campaign to manage an update of a function for an in-vehicle device of a vehicle and remotely distributes software based on the campaign, a terminal that executes input and output, and a software update device that is attached to the vehicle and configured to download the distributed software and install the software in the in-vehicle device. In the software distribution system, when the creation of the campaign is requested, statistical information of updated amounts of the software updated based on the most recent multiple campaigns in the target in-vehicle device for the requested campaign is compared with an updated amount of the software updated based on the requested campaign. When a predetermined requirement is satisfied, the requested campaign is not created and a predetermined alert is notified.

Abstract: Control for the flexible distribution of update software is realized. An in-vehicle software distribution system 1 is configured comprising an in-vehicle software distribution server (telematics center 10) which manages updates to an identical function by means of a campaign for an in-vehicle system (an engine ECU 241, for example) of a plurality of vehicles 20 and distributes software of the campaign remotely to target vehicles, a terminal 30, and a software update apparatus 210 which is mounted in each of the plurality of vehicles 20. Furthermore, in the telematics center 10, a campaign management unit 112 categorizes the campaign target vehicles into groups based on a predetermined criterion and creates a plurality of sub-campaigns which are subordinate to the campaign for each of the categorized groups, and a software distribution unit (an update software distribution unit 113) distributes software remotely to the target vehicles for each of the sub-campaigns.

Abstract: A glass-cell vial is provided which can examine specimen without causing any hindrance even when as minimum as possible specimen is used, and prevents mixture of foreign substances from causing examination errors. A vial is provided which comprises function of cell capable of optical examination, and the inner surface of bottom of the vial is formed to be a round-state convex part upwardly and the outer surface of the bottom is formed to be in convex state. When a small amount of liquid specimen is introduced into this cell vial, a part which can be a light irradiation part for optical examination can be positioned between the meniscus part of the liquid specimen and the upper end of the inner bottom. Consequently, it becomes possible to examine light quantity variation even though the specimen is in small amount.

Abstract: A glass-cell vial is provided which can examine specimen without causing any hindrance even when as minimum as possible specimen is used, and prevents mixture of foreign substances from causing examination errors. A vial is provided which comprises function of cell capable of optical examination, and the inner surface of bottom of the vial is formed to be a round-state convex part upwardly and the outer surface of the bottom is formed to be in convex state. When a small amount of liquid specimen is introduced into this cell vial, a part which can be a light irradiation part for optical examination can be positioned between the meniscus part of the liquid specimen and the upper end of the inner bottom. Consequently, it becomes possible to examine light quantity variation even though the specimen is in small amount.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a test device for a multi-items where in all the test papers for all items for one test are wetted by one shot dropping and transportation of a detecting part (module) or a test device is not required upon measurement. Also, the present invention has the object to provide an analyzer for a test device which makes it possible as in the known visual tests to conduct measurement easily while the test device is kept on a cup and thus can be used in bed side medical examinations and regional medical examinations with no considerable problem.

Abstract: A photometric method and apparatus for measuring agglutination in a biological agglutination reaction system test sample using a laser beam source and at least one photodetector for detecting light scattered by the test sample. The method includes the following steps: (1) arranging the at least one photodetector so as to be capable of detecting scattered light from the test sample at a scatter angle of 30 to 60 with respect to a laser beam directed at the test sample from the laser beam source; (2) irradiating the test sample with the laser beam from the laser beam source; (3) selectively detecting the intensity of scattered light from the test sample at the scatter angle of 30 to 60 using the at least one photodetector which provides an output indicative thereof; and (4) determining the first derivative of the output of the at least one photodetector with respect to time and obtaining the maximum value thereof.

Abstract: Endotoxin contents in samples can be determined qualitatively, or quantitatively, singly or in parallel, with high precision in a short time by a process comprising applying a light to each sample solution, measuring an initial transmitted light amount I.sub.0 and a transmitted light amount at a time t, I(t), to give a ratio R(t)=I(t)/I.sub.0, and judging a gelation point by a threshold value of R(t), or further obtaining a gelation time from the gelation point. An apparatus used therefor is also disclosed.