Abstract: Disclosed is a method for synthesizing t-butyl (meth)acrylate at low cost. Specifically, disclosed is a method for synthesizing a carboxylic acid ester by performing an addition reaction between isobutylene and (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of an acidic catalyst. This method includes the steps of: (A) performing a dehydration decomposition reaction of t-butyl alcohol in the presence of a first acidic catalyst; (B) obtaining crude isobutylene gas by separating at least water from a produced gas obtained in the step A; (C) absorbing the crude isobutylene gas in an absorption solvent containing (meth)acrylic acid; and (D) producing t-butyl (meth)acrylate by performing the addition reaction by bringing the absorption solvent which has absorbed the crude isobutylene gas into contact with a second acidic catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for extracting methacrylic acid, in which an extraction solvent is added to a methacrylic acid aqueous solution for transferring methacrylic acid to the extraction solvent. In this method, a solvent containing t-butyl methacrylate is used as the extraction solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing tertiary butyl alcohol through hydration reaction of isobutylene and water in the presence of a cation exchange resin by using a reactor having at least two reactor vessels provided in series. The method is characterized in that a fluid in a reactor vessel at the most downstream side forms a two-liquid phase and the reaction temperature of the reactor vessel is kept at 70° C. or lower, and a fluid in at least one reactor vessel other than the one at the most downstream side forms a homogeneous phase.

Abstract: In an electrical powered vehicle including a control device for generating an input/output power command value for a power storage device and a control device for controlling a power conversion device and a rotating electric machine, provided separately, when there is a sudden change in the rotational speed of a rotating electric machine, the input/output power command value of a power storage device intrinsically set by an HV-ECU is corrected corresponding to the change in the rotational speed of the rotating electric machine by a control device MG-ECU detecting the rotational speed of the rotating electric machine, without having to wait for modification of the input/output power command value from the HV-ECU.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing tertiary butyl alcohol through hydration reaction of isobutylene and water in the presence of a cation exchange resin by using a reactor having at least two reactor vessels provided in series. The method is characterized in that a fluid in a reactor vessel at the most downstream side forms a two-liquid phase and the reaction temperature of the reactor vessel is kept at 70° C. or lower, and a fluid in at least one reactor vessel other than the one at the most downstream side forms a homogeneous phase.

Abstract: A shift controller controls a downshift to a low shift speed, spaced apart from a high shift speed by two or more steps, through an intermediate shift speed, by first releasing first and second shift release elements, then engaging a first shift engagement element, and finally engaging a second shift engagement element, while controlling the torque capacity of the second shift release element by feedback control. As a result of releasing the first and second shift release elements before engaging the first shift engagement element, it is possible to rev up an input rotation at maximum performance of an engine to reduce the time for shifting. As a result of the feedback control of the torque capacity of the second shift release element after engaging the first shift engagement element, a torque fluctuation at the intermediate shift speed can be reduced to avoid occurrence of an uncomfortable shift shock.

Abstract: A shift control apparatus that disconnects and connects respective pairs of friction engagement elements during downshift to a speed spaced apart by two or more steps through an intermediate shift speed. A shift controller controls a hydraulic pressure of a second shift release element by feedback control, and in accordance with the increase in the torque capacity of the second shift release element, also controls the torque capacity of a first shift engagement element so as to be sufficiently higher than the amount of change in the torque capacity of the second shift release element. The occurrence of adverse consequences in which a shift shock is generated is effectively suppressed because a sufficient reaction force cannot be ensured during engagement switching due to insufficient torque capacity of the first shift engagement element, and since the second shift release element cannot be appropriately feedback-controlled, difficulty in control of rotation change results.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for synthesizing t-butyl (meth)acrylate at low cost. Specifically, disclosed is a method for synthesizing a carboxylic acid ester by performing an addition reaction between isobutylene and (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of an acidic catalyst. This method includes the steps of: (A) performing a dehydration decomposition reaction of t-butyl alcohol in the presence of a first acidic catalyst; (B) obtaining crude isobutylene gas by separating at least water from a produced gas obtained in the step A; (C) absorbing the crude isobutylene gas in an absorption solvent containing (meth)acrylic acid; and (D) producing t-butyl (meth)acrylate by performing the addition reaction by bringing the absorption solvent which has absorbed the crude isobutylene gas into contact with a second acidic catalyst.

Abstract: In order to easily and effectively polymerize an organosiloxane and produce a polyorganosiloxane latex from which the organosiloxane monomer does not emerge and which has a weight-average diameter controlled to under 0.4 &mgr;m, a paste is polymerized which contains at least a cyclic organosiloxane, a surface active agent, an initiator, and water, and which is an emulsified dispersion of the cyclic organosiloxane, in which the water content is in a proportion of 1 to 66 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the cyclic organosiloxane. A latex obtained by diluting the thus-obtained polymerized paste has excellent liquid stability. The above paste, which is an emulsified dispersion of the cyclic organosiloxane, can be produced by mixing the organosiloxane, the surface active agent, the initiator, and the water together in an emulsifying and dispersing machine, and dispersing therein.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus and method utilizing solar energy provided with a solar heat collector for heating a heating medium with solar energy, a heat exchanger cooperating with an evaporation can so as to subject the heating medium and raw water in the evaporation can to heat exchange and generate water vapor therein, a condenser cooperating with a raw water tank so as to receive the vapor from the evaporation can, cool the vapor by subjecting the vapor and raw water in the raw water tank to heat exchange and obtain distilled water.

Abstract: A process for producing a thermoplastic polymer powder which comprises adding a polymer (B) and/or an inorganic compound (C) to a coagulation slurry or a powder of a thermoplastic polymer (A) obtained from emulsion polymerization and having a glass transition temperature Tg defined by the following equation (1), in an amount of 0.1-10 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic polymer (A), compacting the thermoplastic polymer (A) at a temperature in a range of (Tg-30) to (Tg+50).degree. C., and comminuting it:Tg=W.sub.1 .times.Tg.sub.1 +W.sub.2 .times.Tg.sub.2 + . . . +W.sub.n .times.Tg.sub.n ( 1)wherein n is the number of the monomers forming the thermoplastic polymer (A); W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . W.sub.n each represents weight fraction of each monomer i (i=1, 2, . . . n) in the polymer (A); and Tg.sub.1, Tg.sub.2, . . . Tg.sub.n each represents the glass transition temperature of the polymer composed of each monomer i.

Abstract: A method for producing a powdery and granular polymer by two coagulation steps comprising coagulating a latex of the polymer, the latex containing a sulfuric acid ester series and/or sulfonic acid series anionic surface active agents, with an acid to an amount of the polymer of 40 to 80 wt. % at a first coagulation step, and then bringing coagulation to completion with an acid or salt at a second coagulation step. According to the present invention, a powdery and granular polymer having a sharp particle size distribution and a high bulk specific gravity can be obtained.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for the production of a particulate polymer which contains few fine particles and has a narrow particle size distribution and a controlled bulk specific gravity. Characteristic features of the process of this invention reside in that a polymer latex obtained by emulsion polymerization is successively processed through the following steps (I) and (II):Step (I) The polymer latex is coagulated into a slurry in which particles thus coagulated are dispersed in water.Step (II) The slurry obtained in Step (I), an organic liquid almost insoluble in water and incapable of dissolving the polymer and water are mixed for granulation under the conditions that(a) The proportion of water in the whole mixture is 50-85 wt. %,(b) The amount of the organic liquid is 15-150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymer in the polymer latex, and(c) The temperature T (.degree.C.) of the whole mixture is maintained for 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is method for producing a rubber modified thermoplastic reins which comprises carrying out all or a part of the following setps (I) - (VI):(I) a step of mixing the following (A), (B), (C) and thermoplastic resin (2):(A) a latex of graft rubber polymer (1),(B) an organic agent which is capable of dissolving thermoplastic resin (2) and has a solubility in water of 5% by weight or less at a temperature at which (A), (B), (C) and thermoplastic resin (2) are mixed, amount of the organic agent being 10-600% by weight of polymer (4) which is the sum of graft rubber polymer (1) and thermoplastic resin (2) and(C) a water soluble agent capable of coagulating latex (A), amount of this agent being 10% by weight or less of graft rubber polymer (1),(II) a step of separating and removing aqueous phase from a two-phase mixture obtained in the mixing step (I),(III) a step of mixing the mixture from which the aqueous phase has been removed at step (II) and the whole or a part of thermoplastic resin (3),(IV) a step of

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a rubber modified thermoplastic resin which comprises carrying out all or a part of the following steps (I)-(VI):(I) a setp of mixing the following (A), (B), (C) and thermoplastic resin (2):(A) a latex of gfart rubber polymer (1),(B) an organic agent which is capable of dissolving thermoplastic resin (2) and has a solubility in water of 5% by weight or less t a temperature at which (A), (B), (C) and thermoplastic resin (2) are mixed, amount of the organic agent being 10-600% by weight of polymer (4) which is the sum of graft rubber polymer (1) and thermoplastic resin (2) and(C) a warer soluble agent capable of coagulating latex (A), amount of this agent being 10% by weight or less of graft rubber polymer (1),(II) a step of separating and removing aqueous phase from a two-phase mixture obtained in the mixing step (I),(III) a step of mixing the mixture from which the aqueous phase hsa been removed at step (II) and the whole or a part of thermoplastic resin (3),(IV) a step of

Abstract: A double-metal-coated metal sulfide powder comprises particles of a metal sulfide, a layer of a platinum group metal coating formed thereon, and an outer coating layer of a metal or alloy which contains at least one of iron, copper, nickel, and cobalt. The powder is obtained by forming a platinum group metal layer on metal sulfide particles by thermal decomposition of a plating composition which includes at least one platinum-metal compound containing a radical selected from the class consisting of NO, NO.sub.2, NO.sub.3, and NOCl and then forming a layer of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, nickel, and cobalt by the cementation reaction.

Abstract: A process for granulating metal sulfide powders comprises the steps of adding a solution of thermosetting resin in a volatile organic solvent, as a binder, to a metal sulfide powder as the starting material, forming the mixture thus obtained into granules by a granulator, drying the granulation product, sieving the dried product for classification and recovering the granules within desired limits of particle size, recycling the fines after the sieve classification, with the addition of only the volatile organic solvent, as the material, and heating the granules within the desired limits of particle size for curing. Coarse particles separated out by the sieve classification are pulverized and recycled as the material, with the addition of only the volatile organic solvent.

Abstract: A method for preparing a raw board for use in printed circuits comprising the steps of first electroplating a foil or sheet of synthesized resins in an electrolytic bath containing copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, chlorine ion and a surface glazing agent including thiourea, and secondly electroplating the foil or sheet completed the above step in a conventional electrolytic bath containing copper sulfate and sulfuric acid. Also, an apparatus therefor is disclosed.

Abstract: Metal sulfide powder coated with copper is produced by mixing powder of a metal and/or an alloy baser than copper with powder of a metal sulfide, and then adding an acidic solution containing copper ions to the resulting mixture with stirring. The metal sulfide particles are coated with metallic copper that results from a cementation reaction. Where the metal sulfide powder contains too coarse or fine particles, it is ground, granulated, and sized before the mixing.