Abstract: This invention provides a touch panel having excellent durability in a high-temperature high-moisture environment and a production method thereof. In a touch panel 1 including a pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a each having a transparent electrode 1b, 2b and so arranged as to oppose each other through a seal portion 3, a thickness of the seal portion 3 is set to be not greater than 8 ?m (exclusive of 0). In this way, moisture permeating through the seal portion 3 and entering a gap between the pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a can be reduced.

Abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease with a possible fatality of the skin and mucosae which is induced by an antibody against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). Persistent production of anti-Dsg3 IgG can be induced by adoptively transferring spleen cells of a DSG3?/? mouse immunized with rDsg3 into an RAG2?/? immunodeficient mouse expressing Dsg3 protein. This IgG in the blood binds to the Dsg3 protein in vivo, induces the breakage of intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes and thus brings about the phenotype of pemphigus vulgaris involving the formation of blisters in the oral mucosa and the disappearance of resting hair. These effects are sustained over 6 months. By using this method, active disease model animals relating to various autoimmune diseases can be constructed.

Abstract: This invention provides a touch panel having excellent durability in a high-temperature high-moisture environment and a production method thereof. In a touch panel 1 including a pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a each having a transparent electrode 1b, 2b and so arranged as to oppose each other through a seal portion 3, a thickness of the seal portion 3 is set to be not greater than 8 ?m (exclusive of 0). In this way, moisture permeating through the seal portion 3 and entering a gap between the pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a can be reduced.

Abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease with a possible fatality of the skin and mucosae which is induced by an antibody against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). Persistent production of anti-Dsg3 IgG can be induced by adoptively transferring spleen cells of a DSG3?/? mouse immunized with rDsg3 into an RAG2?/? immunodeficient mouse expressing Dsg3 protein. This IgG in the blood binds to the Dsg3 protein in vivo, induces the breakage of intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes and thus brings about the phenotype of pemphigus vulgaris involving the formation of blisters in the oral mucosa and the disappearance of resting hair. These effects are sustained over 6 months. By using this method, active disease model animals relating to various autoimmune diseases can be constructed.

Abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease with a possible fatality of the skin and mucosae which is induced by an antibody against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). Persistent production of anti-Dsg3 IgG can be induced by adoptively transferring spleen cells of a DSG3?/? mouse immunized with rDsg3 into an RAG2?/? immunodeficient mouse expressing Dsg3 protein. This IgG in the blood binds to the Dsg3 protein in vivo, induces the breakage of intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes and thus brings about the phenotype of pemphigus vulgaris involving the formation of blisters in the oral mucosa and the disappearance of resting hair. These effects are sustained over 6 months. By using this method, active disease model animals relating to various autoimmune diseases can be constructed.

Abstract: An organic EL device has a structure in which an anode, a hole transporting layer, an organic luminescent layer, and a cathode are disposed on a glass substrate in this order. The organic EL device further has a protective layer covering an outer surface of the structure to protect it from an external environment. The protective layer is formed by an ALE method at a temperature lower than glass transition temperatures materials constituting the hole transporting layer and the organic luminescent layer.

Abstract: This invention provides a touch panel having excellent durability in a high-temperature high-moisture environment and a production method thereof. In a touch panel 1 including a pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a each having a transparent electrode 1b, 2b and so arranged as to oppose each other through a seal portion 3, a thickness of the seal portion 3 is set to be not greater than 8 ?m (exclusive of 0). In this way, moisture permeating through the seal portion 3 and entering a gap between the pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a can be reduced.

Abstract: This invention provides a touch panel having excellent durability in a high-temperature high-moisture environment and a production method thereof. In a touch panel 1 including a pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a each having a transparent electrode 1b, 2b and so arranged as to oppose each other through a seal portion 3, a thickness of the seal portion 3 is set to be not greater than 8 ?m (exclusive of 0). In this way, moisture permeating through the seal portion 3 and entering a gap between the pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a can be reduced.

Abstract: An organic electro luminescence display panel includes a hole transport layer and a luminescent layer disposed on the hole transport layer. The luminescent layer includes at least first and second luminescent layers. The first and second luminescent layers are repeatedly arranged on the hole transport layer so as to be adjacent each other. The first luminescent layer includes a first dopant for emitting a first light having a first wavelength, and the second luminescent layer includes a second dopant for emitting a second light having a second wavelength, which is shorter than the first wavelength. No first dopant is disposed between the hole transport layer and the second luminescent layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes an anode, a cathode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron capture layer, a luminescent layer, and an electron transport layer. The five layers are sequentially stuck in the above order between the anode and the cathode in the direction toward the cathode. The luminescent layer includes a host organic material, the luminescent spectrum of which has a peak between 380 nm and 510 nm, and a guest fluorescent dye. The hole injection layer and the hole transport layer respectively include a host organic material. The lowest energy level in the conduction band of the host organic material of the electron capture layer is lower than those of the hole transport layer and the luminescent layer. Therefore, the device can emit light including blue light component while the host organic material of the hole transport layer is prevented from deteriorating.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes pixels disposed with an organic layer including a light-emitting layer 33 between lower electrodes and upper electrodes. A backward bias voltage equal to or less than the withstand voltage of the organic layer in a voltage application condition at the time of use is applied, and preferably a backward bias voltage that is ½ of, or less than ½ of, the withstand voltage of the organic layer is applied. Thus, using the withstand voltage of the organic layer in the voltage application condition at the time of use as a guide, the value of the backward bias voltage for self-repair can be set to an appropriate magnitude and defective portions of the pixels can be self-repaired.

Abstract: An organic EL device has a structure in which an anode, a hole transporting layer, an organic luminescent layer, and a cathode are disposed on a glass substrate in this order. The organic EL device further has a protective layer covering an outer surface of the structure to protect it from an external environment. The protective layer is formed by an ALE method at a temperature lower than glass transition temperatures materials constituting the hole transporting layer and the organic luminescent layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes a luminescent layer containing an organic compound and sandwiched between an anode and a cathode. The luminescent layer is composed of a hole-transporting luminescent layer and an electron-transporting luminescent layer. Both luminescent layers emit light simultaneously. Each of the hole-transporting luminescent layer and the electron-transporting luminescent layer includes two or more kinds of fluorescent materials so that the emission spectrum from the hole-transporting luminescent layer 4a substantially confirms the emission spectrum from of the electron-transporting luminescent layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes an anode, a cathode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron capture layer, a luminescent layer, and an electron transport layer. The five layers are sequentially stuck in the above order between the anode and the cathode in the direction toward the cathode. The luminescent layer includes a host organic material, the luminescent spectrum of which has a peak between 380 nm and 510 nm, and a guest fluorescent dye. The hole injection layer and the hole transport layer respectively include a host organic material. The lowest energy level in the conduction band of the host organic material of the electron capture layer is lower than those of the hole transport layer and the luminescent layer. Therefore, the device can emit light including blue light component while the host organic material of the hole transport layer is prevented from deteriorating.

Abstract: This invention provides a touch panel having excellent durability in a high-temperature high-moisture environment and a production method thereof. In a touch panel 1 including a pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a each having a transparent electrode 1b, 2b and so arranged as to oppose each other through a seal portion 3, a thickness of the seal portion 3 is set to be not greater than 8 &mgr;m (exclusive of 0). In this way, moisture permeating through the seal portion 3 and entering a gap between the pair of transparent glass substrates 1a and 2a can be reduced.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent panel having two luminescent layers interposed between a pair of electrode layers emits white light or colored light. One luminescent layer is composed of a hole transport host material and a first fluorescent material doped in the host material, and the other luminescent layer is composed of an electron transport host material and a second fluorescent material doped in the host material. Both luminescent layers simultaneously emit respective lights which in turn are mixed into a white light or colored light. To realize the simultaneous light emission from both luminescent layers and to enhance energy conversion efficiency, organic materials having a solid state fluorescence spectrum peak wavelength in a range of 380 nm-510 nm are used as both host materials, and materials having a solid state fluorescence spectrum which overlaps with that of the host materials or is shifted to a longer wavelength side are used as the fluorescent materials doped in the host materials.

Abstract: An organic EL element has an anode made of transparent conductive material such as ITO and a cathode made of metallic material such as Al. Further, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode is composed of a thin film layer and a thick film layer partially overlapping with the thin film layer. The thin film layer can transmit light and the thick film layer can suppress an increase in wiring resistance of the cathode.

Abstract: An organic EL device has a structure in which an anode, a hole transporting layer, an organic luminescent layer, and a cathode are disposed on a glass substrate in this order. The organic EL device further has a protective layer covering an outer surface of the structure to protect it from an external environment. The protective layer is formed by an ALE method at a temperature lower than glass transition temperatures materials constituting the hole transporting layer and the organic luminescent layer.

Abstract: An evaporative fuel controller for an internal combustion engine to prevent blow-off of fuel and/or outflow of emissions immediately after fuel is fed into a fuel tank, and to prevent a large quantity of evaporative fuel from flowing into a canister during engine operation.

Abstract: Nitrogen atoms on the surface of a first body are terminated by hydrogen atoms after the surfaces of the first body and a second body to which it is to be bonded are cleaned. The surface of the first body terminated by the hydrogen atoms and the surface of the second body are bonded to each other so that hydrogen bonds are formed between the nitrogen atoms and the bonded hydrogen atoms on the surface of the first body and the atoms on the surface of the second body. Using these hydrogen bonds, the surface of the first body and the surface of the second body are strongly bonded to each other. When the surface of the second body is formed with nitride or oxide, strong hydrogen bonds of N--H .sup.- - - N or N--H .sup.- - - O are formed between the first body and the second body. Thus, the method does not require bonding under high temperature or high pressure.