Abstract: The initial capacity and cycle durability are improved in a secondary battery which uses a sulfide solid electrolyte containing sulfur and phosphorus and high nickel-type positive electrode active material. In the secondary battery having a power generating element containing, laminated in this order, a positive electrode with a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material composed of a so-called high nickel-type lithium-containing composite oxide, an electrolyte layer which contains a sulfide solid electrolyte containing sulfur and phosphorus, and a negative electrode with a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, one or more added element selected from the group consisting of B, P, S and Si is made to be present in a molar concentration larger than that of Ni, into a surface layer region having a depth within 100 nm from the surface of a particle of the lithium-containing composite oxide.

Abstract: Suppression of the destruction of particles of positive electrode active material due to the pressing pressure at the time of producing a positive electrode which constitutes an all-solid battery such as an all-solid lithium-ion secondary battery is achieved with a positive electrode active material, thereby inhibiting decrease in a battery capacity. In the positive electrode which contains the positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material consisting of secondary particles and a solid electrolyte, the average particle diameter of the secondary particles is controlled into 4.9 ?m or less, the average particle diameter of the primary particles which constitute the secondary particles is controlled into 1.2 ?m or more, and the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the solid electrolyte is controlled into 0.8 ?m or less.

Abstract: The pigment dispersion is a pigment dispersion including a fluorescent agent, wherein, when at a wavelength of 250 nm or more and 290 nm or less, an integral value of an emission intensity in a wavelength range of 400 nm or more and 700 nm or less of an emission spectrum of the fluorescent agent for excitation light is represented by F1, an integral value of an emission intensity in a wavelength range of 400 nm or more and 700 nm or less of an emission spectrum of the pigment dispersion for excitation light is represented by F2, and a ratio of the fluorescent agent contained in a solid content obtained when the pigment dispersion is heated at 130° C. until a change in mass of the pigment dispersion reaches 0.3%/min or less is represented by W1 (mass%), the F1, the F2, and the W1 satisfy the formulae F2x 100/W1?F1 ×0.30 and 5.0?W1?80.0.

Abstract: Provided is a toner having a toner particle containing a binder resin and a wax, wherein the wax concentrations near the outermost surface of the toner and in the surface layer region below the outermost surface are controlled, so that the wax moves with high efficiency to near the outermost surface during heating.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a wax, wherein in a cross sectional image of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope, the toner satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2) 18.0%?As?1.5%??(1) 10.0?Ac/As?2.0??(2) where As represents the proportion for the area taken up by the wax present in the surface layer region having distance 1.0 ?m in a radial direction inward from the surface of the toner, and Ac represents the proportion for the area taken up by the wax present in the inner region positioned further inside than the surface layer region.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a toner particle containing a graft polymer, in which: the graft polymer has a crystalline polyester segment and an amorphous vinyl polymer segment; the crystalline polyester segment has a unit derived from a specific monomer (a) and a unit derived from a specific monomer (b); a content X (mol %) of the unit derived from the monomer (b) calculated from a specific formula is 1.0 mol % or more and 24 mol % or less; and a melting point of the graft polymer is 50° C. or more and 85° C. or less.

Abstract: Provided is a toner, including a toner particle containing: a binder resin containing a styrene acrylic resin as a main component, a colorant, a hydrocarbon wax, and a wax dispersant, in which: the wax dispersant includes a polymer of a vinyl resin component and a hydrocarbon compound, the vinyl resin component including styrene and one or more kinds of vinyl-based polymerizable monomers except a styrene derivative; and a solubility parameter of the binder resin (A) a solubility parameter of the vinyl resin segment of the wax dispersant (C), and a solubility parameter of the hydrocarbon compound segment of the wax dispersant (D) satisfy the formulae (1) and (2). |A?C|?0.20??(1) C?D<1.

Abstract: A toner contains a styrene acrylic resin, a block polymer, and an organosilicon polymer, in which the organosilicon polymer has a specific partial structure, the block polymer has a polyester segment and a vinyl polymer segment, the melting point is 55° C. or more and 90° C. or less, the mass ratio of the polyester segment to the vinyl polymer segment is 40/60 to 80/20, and the polyester segment has a specific unit.

Abstract: Provided is a toner having a toner particle containing a binder resin and a wax, wherein the wax concentrations near the outermost surface of the toner and in the surface layer region below the outermost surface are controlled, so that the wax moves with high efficiency to near the outermost surface during heating.

Abstract: Provided is a toner that has satisfactory chargeability and hardly causes a reduction in image density, fogging, and density unevenness in various environments ranging from a low-temperature and low-humidity environment to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. The toner includes toner particles obtained by fixing resin particles to toner base particles each containing resins, in which: the resins contain 50.0 mass % or more of a styrene-acrylic resin and 1.0 to 40.0 mass % of a polyester resin A; the polyester resin A contains 0.10 to 30.00 number % of an isosorbide unit; the fixing amount of the resin particles to the toner base particles is from 0.1 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner base particles; and the glass transition temperature of the resin particles is higher than the glass transition temperature of the toner base particles.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a wax, wherein in a cross sectional image of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope, the toner satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2) 18.0%?As?1.5%??(1) 10.0?Ac/As?2.0??(2) where As represents the proportion for the area taken up by the wax present in the surface layer region having distance 1.0 ?m in a radial direction inward from the surface of the toner, and Ac represents the proportion for the area taken up by the wax present in the inner region positioned further inside than the surface layer region.

Abstract: A toner having a toner particle including a binder resin, wherein the binder resin includes a styrene acrylic resin and a vinyl-modified crystalline polyester resin, the vinyl-modified crystalline polyester resin has a crystalline polyester segment having structures of following i) or a structure of following ii), i) at least two structures selected from the group consisting of a structure derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a structure derived from an aliphatic diol and a structure derived from an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid; ii) a structure derived from an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid; and the vinyl-modified crystalline polyester resin has a specific modification rate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a vinylic resin and a polyester resin, the vinylic resin contains an organic silicon polymer having a specific structure, the organic silicon polymer is contained in the surface layer of the toner particle, the proportion of a silicon atom in the organic silicon polymer having a specific structure is at least 5%, the polyester resin is a specific polymer, and the toner particle contains a specific amount of the polyester resin.

Abstract: Provided is a toner, including a toner particle containing: a binder resin containing a styrene acrylic resin as a main component, a colorant, a hydrocarbon wax, and a wax dispersant, in which: the wax dispersant includes a polymer of a vinyl resin component and a hydrocarbon compound, the vinyl resin component including styrene and one or more kinds of vinyl-based polymerizable monomers except a styrene derivative; and a solubility parameter of the binder resin (A) a solubility parameter of the vinyl resin segment of the wax dispersant (C), and a solubility parameter of the hydrocarbon compound segment of the wax dispersant (D) satisfy the formulae (1) and (2). |A?C|?10.20 ??(1) C?D<1.

Abstract: A toner having a toner particle including a binder resin, wherein the binder resin includes a styrene acrylic resin and a vinyl-modified crystalline polyester resin, the vinyl-modified crystalline polyester resin has a crystalline polyester segment having structures of following i) or a structure of following ii), i) at least two structures selected from the group consisting of a structure derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, a structure derived from an aliphatic diol and a structure derived from an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid; ii) a structure derived from an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid; and the vinyl-modified crystalline polyester resin has a specific modification rate.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a toner particle containing a graft polymer, in which: the graft polymer has a crystalline polyester segment and an amorphous vinyl polymer segment; the crystalline polyester segment has a unit derived from a specific monomer (a) and a unit derived from a specific monomer (b); a content X (mol %) of the unit derived from the monomer (b) calculated from a specific formula is 1.0 mol % or more and 24 mol % or less; and a melting point of the graft polymer is 50° C. or more and 85° C. or less.

Abstract: A toner contains a styrene acrylic resin, a block polymer, and an organosilicon polymer, in which the organosilicon polymer has a specific partial structure, the block polymer has a polyester segment and a vinyl polymer segment, the melting point is 55° C. or more and 90° C. or less, the mass ratio of the polyester segment to the vinyl polymer segment is 40/60 to 80/20, and the polyester segment has a specific unit.

Abstract: Provided is a toner that has satisfactory chargeability and hardly causes a reduction in image density, fogging, and density unevenness in various environments ranging from a low-temperature and low-humidity environment to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. The toner includes toner particles obtained by fixing resin particles to toner base particles each containing resins, in which: the resins contain 50.0 mass % or more of a styrene-acrylic resin and 1.0 to 40.0 mass % of a polyester resin A; the polyester resin A contains 0.10 to 30.00 number % of an isosorbide unit; the fixing amount of the resin particles to the toner base particles is from 0.1 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner base particles; and the glass transition temperature of the resin particles is higher than the glass transition temperature of the toner base particles.

Abstract: Provided are an enzyme immobilization electrode capable of easily immobilizing an enzyme while retaining activity, an electrode for production of an enzyme immobilization electrode which is suitably used for production of the enzyme immobilization electrode, and a biofuel cell using the enzyme immobilization electrode. In a biofuel cell having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other with a proton conductor interposed therebetween, and configured to extract an electrode from a fuel using an enzyme, an electrode which includes a mixture containing carbon particles and a water-insoluble hydrophilic binder and on which the enzyme is immobilized is used for at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Ketjen black or the like is used for carbon particles, and ethyl cellulose or the like is used for the binder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a vinylic resin and a polyester resin, the vinylic resin contains an organic silicon polymer having a specific structure, the organic silicon polymer is contained in the surface layer of the toner particle, the proportion of a silicon atom in the organic silicon polymer having a specific structure is at least 5%, the polyester resin is a specific polymer, and the toner particle contains a specific amount of the polyester resin.