Abstract: The present invention provides a target recognizing element wherein a receptor is fixed to an inclusion complex containing a mediator. The target recognizing element includes a first host molecule having hydrophilic groups and an inclusion site, a second host molecule having hydrophilic groups and an inclusion site, a receptor which is bonded to the hydrophilic groups of the second host molecule and which reacts with the target, and a guest molecule which is included by the inclusion site of the first host molecule and the inclusion site of the second host molecule and which transfers an electric charge generated by the reaction between the target and the receptor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a target recognizing element wherein a receptor is fixed to an inclusion complex containing a mediator. The target recognizing element includes a first host molecule having hydrophilic groups and an inclusion site, a second host molecule having hydrophilic groups and an inclusion site, a receptor which is bonded to the hydrophilic groups of the second host molecule and which reacts with the target, and a guest molecule which is included by the inclusion site of the first host molecule and the inclusion site of the second host molecule and which transfers an electric charge generated by the reaction between the target and the receptor.

Abstract: A pixel density detector includes a cylinder (1) having a characteristic of catching incident light, an entrance window (2) provided in a shape of a slit in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder (1), and 2 pieces of light detecting device (4) disposed at a prescribed internal on the cylinder (1) at a prescribed angle against the entrance window (2).

Abstract: For forming multiple images on a single sheet of film (F) for medical use, specific data to the film (F) such as a patient name are extracted from one of the images, and the extracted data are enlarged, and the enlarged data are output to an optical processing system, of which exposing position is controlled, and then the data is exposed onto the film (F) in a designated location, for example, at the bottom of the film (F) thereby.

Abstract: For forming multiple images on a single sheet of film (F) for medical use, specific data to the film (F) such as a patient name are extracted from one of the images, and the extracted data are enlarged, and the enlarged data are output to an optical processing system, of which exposing position is controlled, and then the data is exposed onto the film (F) in a designated location, for example, at the bottom of the film (F) thereby.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by a solid body disposed so that a remarkably small gap may be formed between it and a surface of an electrode. A super-thin liquid membrane is formed in the small gap by an interfacial tension of a liquid. An object to be measured is applied to or acted upon either the solid body or the super-thin liquid membrane. An electric signal due to the physical properties of the super-thin liquid membrane itself or an electric signal due to a chemical or physical reaction, which is generated on an interface of the solid body and the super-thin liquid membrane and diffused through the super-thin liquid membrane itself, is detected by means of the electrode to measure the physical properties of the object to be measured.

Abstract: A method of measuring an ion-concentration characterized by a sample absorbed in an easily absorbing solution material and the absorbing material is brought into contact with a measuring portion to measure an ion-concentration 10/90 in the sample so that a highly accurate measurement can be achieved even though a quantity of the sample is small. In addition, the desired measurement can be carried out without using any instruments for sampling and needing any complicated pretreatments. A sheet for use in the calibration of an ion-concentration 10/90 measuring device characterized by a calibrating buffer solution absorbed in a chemically stabilized, hygroscopic, water-absorbing sheet eluting no ions and then the water-absorbing sheet is dried.

Abstract: In a sheet type reference electrode having a gelatinized internal solution, a liquid junction surface of the gelatinized internal solution is coated with a hydrophilic porous thin film. Alternatively, a liquid junction member contacts the gelatinized internal solution and is coated with a hydrophilic porous thin film. In either event, the thin film controls the diffusion of ions from the gelatinized internal solution. A liquid junction portion is also provided by impregnating a chemically stabilized, hydrophilic, high molecular porous material with a gelatinized composition which remains wet.

Abstract: A flat shaped composite electrode includes a flat substrate having a high electrical insulating property. A flat inside pair of electrodes and a flat outside pair of electrodes are fixed on the substrate. A flat support layer having a high electrical insulating property overlays the electrodes and substrate. The support layer describes two holes into which a gelatinized internal solution is placed. An ion response glass membrane is mounted on the support layer and over one hole, while a liquid junction membrane is similarly mounted over the other hole.

Abstract: A method of measuring an ion-concentration and the like characterized by a sample absorbed in an easily absorbing solution material and the absorbing material is brought into contact with a measuring portion to measure an ion-concentration and the like in the sample so that a highly accurate measurement can be achieved even though a quantity of the sample is small. In addition, the desired measurement can be carried out without using any instruments for sampling and needing any complicated pretreatments. A sheet for use in the calibration of an ion-concentration (and the like) measuring device characterized by a calibrating buffer solution absorbed in a chemically stabilized, hygroscopic, water-absorbing sheet eluting no ions and then the water-absorbing sheet is dried.

Abstract: An improved electrode assembly of a modular configuration for sensing ion concentration includes a substrate mounted in a housing and being sandwiched by a first and second support layer of non-conductive material. A gelantinized solution is positioned in an opening between the first support layer and a substrate, while a second gelatinized solution is positioned in an opening between a second support layer and a substrate. Electric leads and electrodes are appropriately positioned on the substrate for operative contact with the respective gelatinized solutions. An ion-responsive member contacts one gelatinized solution, while an acqueous junction member extends through the respective support layers and substrates to contact another gelatinized solution.

Abstract: The reference electrode includes a liquid junction portion where an internal solution is brought into contact with a sample solution by a thin film member formed of a substance having a low solubility in water and aqueous solutions and mounted on the liquid junction portion so that leakage of the internal solution to a side of the sample solution can be almost completely prevented. The thin film member forming the liquid junction portion is made of MgF.sub.2 or CaF.sub.2. A limiting equivalent ionic conductivity of a cation and that of a anion, which are comparatively large, and a transfer coefficient of the cation and that of the anion are nearly equal to each other so that a low solubility in water and aqueous solution can be realized to the extent that it is almost the same if the internal solution was brought into direct contact with the sample solution. In addition, an inter-liquid differential potential can be reduced and stabilized and high accuracy of measurement and reliability can thus be secured.

Abstract: A flat shaped composite electrode includes a flat substrate having a high electrical insulating property. A flat inside pair of electrodes and a flat outside pair of electrodes are fixed on the substrate. A flat support layer having a high electrical insulating property overlays the electrodes and substrate. The support layer describes two holes into which a gelatinized internal solution is placed. An ion response glass membrane is mounted on the support layer and over one hole, while a liquid junction membrane is similarly mounted over the other hole.

Abstract: A mechanism for cooling optical fibers which include optical fibers, metal netting wound around the fibers to conduct heat therefrom, and a sheath in which the fibers and netting are inserted. In accordance with one embodiment, the sheath and netting are spaced from each other so as to permit cooling air to flow therebetween to cool the fibers. In another embodiment, the netting is connected to a cooler by a heat connected element so that heat in the fibers is drawn to the cooler through the heat conductive element to cool the fibers.

Abstract: A pyroelectric infrared detector of the dual element type has its two elements connected in parallel but with opposite polarities. The dual elements are arranged such that the detector element outputs may be taken out from only one side of the pyroelectric material used to form the detector. The detector utilizes supplementary elements which are insensitive to infrared radiation and interconnecting members to connect the supplementary elements to the detector elements so as to enable the interconnection of the dual parallel elements with opposite polarities to external circuitry by wires connected to only a single side of the pyroelectric material.

Abstract: A CO.sub.2 laser machining apparatus, has a CO.sub.2 laser oscillator connected with a condenser through a flexible cable including a fiber bundle for transmitting infrared rays of 10.6 micrometers therein.

Abstract: A magnetic analyzer is provided for detecting the concentration of a paramagnetic gas, such as oxygen, in a gas being tested. This detection is based on detecting the surface-pressure generated between a gas being tested and a comparison gas. The surface-pressure is sensed by a condenser-microphone which is coupled to comparison gas passageways in two pairs of magnetic pole pieces which are inserted in a measuring chamber filled with the gas being tested and which alternately generate a magnetic field.

Abstract: A preform is prepared to comprise a step index structure consisting of a core and a clad both made of metal halogenides or arsenic-selenium glass sparingly capable of transmitting infrared light of long wavelength and a layer of lubricant applied to the outer surface of the clad. The preform is set inside a metal cylinder. By pulling this metal cylinder through a plurality of dies containing orifices of successively decreased diameters at a temperature below the melting point, the preform can be elongated into an optical fiber of a prescribed diameter. The optical fiber thus produced is capable of transmitting infrared light of high power with a small loss. Protected and reinforced by the metal cylinder jacket, this fiber enjoys high mechanical strength.

Abstract: A non-dispersive fluorescence x-ray analyzer apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of an element contained in a sample. The apparatus has an x-ray source which directs x-rays against a sample to be analyzed and a reference sample which are both at equal distances from the x-ray source. The fluorescence x-ray spectrum from both the sample to be analyzed and the reference sample is detected and converted into a series of pulse signals. Counters count the signals from both samples, and the counter for counting the pulse signals from the reference sample is set to terminate the operation of the counter for counting the signals from the sample when a pre-determined number of pulses is counted from the reference sample. The number of pulses from the sample to be analyzed is then used for performing a mathematical computation to determine the concentration of the element in the sample being analyzed, which concentration is proportional to the number of pulses counted.

Abstract: A combination pH glass electrode and reference electrode assembly wherein the glass electrode can be easily detached for replacement.