Abstract: When a light emission element emits no light, a detected signal from a photodetection element is captured as an intensity of external light. Then, a threshold value is offset by the intensity of the external light. The offset threshold is then compared to a detected signal from the photodetection element when the light emission element emits light, thereby determining the presence of a through hole between the light emission element and the photodetection element through which hole light passes without being influenced by external light.

Abstract: When a light emission element emits no light, a detected signal from a photodetection element is captured as an intensity of external light. Then, a threshold value is offset by the intensity of the external light. The offset threshold is then compared to a detected signal from the photodetection element when the light emission element emits light, thereby determining the presence of a through hole between the light emission element and the photodetection element through which hole light passes without being influenced by external light.

Abstract: In order to produce a decorative laminate by adhering a transfer printing sheet to the three-dimensional irregular surface of a base, solid particles (P) are caused to collide with the transfer printing sheet (S) from the back surface thereof with the transfer printing sheet (S) facing the irregular surface of the base (B), and the transfer printing sheet (S) is brought into pressure contact with the irregular surface of the base (B) by utilizing the collisional pressure, thereby transferring the transfer printing sheet (S) to the base (B). In the case where a thermally stretchable transfer printing sheet is used, it is better to conduct transfer printing by heating at least one of the base, the transfer printing sheet, the solid particles, and so on.

Abstract: There is provided a transfer sheet for provision of a pattern on a three-dimensional object, comprising: an olefinic thermoplastic elastomer film as a substrate film; and at least a pattern layer as a transfer layer provided on the substrate.

Abstract: A decorative material including a substrate and an abrasion-resistant coating layer formed thereon. The abrasion-resistant coating layer includes spherical particles (A) having an average particle diameter of 3 to 50 micrometers, and a binder (B) including crosslinkable resins. The amount of the spherical particles (A) is from 5% to 50% by weight of the total amount of the components (A) and (B). The hardness of the spherical particles (A) is higher than of the binder (B), and The average particle diameter d (micrometers) of the spherical particles (A) fulfills the following inequality (1):0.3t.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.3.0t (1)wherein "t" is an average thickness (micrometers) of the coating layer.Thus, the relationship between the average thickness of the coating layer and the average particle diameter of the spherical particles is strictly controlled, so that a decorative material which is excellent in both flexibility and abrasion resistance (scratch resistance) can be successfully obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a transfer sheet for provision of a pattern on a three-dimensional object, comprising: an olefinic thermoplastic elastomer film as a substrate film; and at least a pattern layer as a transfer layer provided on the substrate.

Abstract: A decorative material including a substrate and an abrasion-resistant coating layer formed thereon. The abrasion-resistant coating layer includes spherical particles (A) having an average particle diameter of 3 to 50 micrometers, and a binder (B) including crosslinkable resins. The amount of the spherical particles (A) is from 5% to 50% by weight of the total amount of the components (A) and (B). The hardness of the spherical particles (A) is higher than that of the binder (B). The average particle diameter d (micrometers) of the spherical particles (A) fulfills the following inequality (1):0.3t.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.3.0t (1)wherein "t" is an average thickness (micrometers) of the coating layer. Thus, the relationship between the average thickness of the coating layer and the average particle diameter of the spherical particles is strictly controlled so that a decorative material which is excellent in both flexibility and abrasion resistance (scratch resistance) can be successfully obtained.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a solar cell, a secondary battery charged by an output from the solar cell, an illumination detector for detecting the brightness of the environment of the solar cell based on the output from the solar cell, a display unit, an electroluminescence (EL) element for illumining the display unit, an attitude detector for detecting an attitude of the electronic device, a driver for driving the EL element on the basis of the attitude of the electronic device detected by the attitude detector and the result of the detection by the illumination detector. Only when the illumination detector detects that the environment of the solar cell is dark, and the attitude detector detects that the electronic device takes a specified attitude, the EL element is turned on. Otherwise, the illuminator is not turned on. Thus, wasteful power consumption is suppressed to prolong the solar cell's service life.

Abstract: A lens array sheet according to the present invention, comprising a transparent substrate, a lens array having lens elements that are one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally formed on the front surface of the transparent substrate, and a cluster having a large number of cluster members randomly formed in a prism shape on the rear surface of the transparent substrate, each of the length, the width, and the height of each of the cluster members being in the range from the wave length of source light to 500 .mu.m. Thus, a lens array sheet that effectively uses light energy of the light source, maintains the light condensing effect, prevents the luminance from deteriorating, homogeneously distributes the luminance on the light emitting surface, prevents equal-thickness interference fringes and wasteful light dispersion to out of the angular range of visual angle can be provided. In addition, a surface light source having the lens array sheet is provided.

Abstract: A lens array sheet according to the present invention, comprising a transparent substrate, a lens array having lens elements that are one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally formed on the front surface of the transparent substrate, and a cluster having a large number of cluster members randomly formed in a prism shape on the rear surface of the transparent substrate, each of the length, the width, and the height of each of the cluster members being in the range from the wave length of source light to 500 .mu.m. Thus, a lens array sheet that effectively uses light energy of the light source, maintains the light condensing effect, prevents the luminance from deteriorating, homogeneously distributes the luminance on the light emitting surface, prevents equal-thickness interference fringes and wasteful light dispersion to out of the angular range of visual angle can be provided. In addition, a surface light source having the lens array sheet is provided.

Abstract: A superconducting magnet for producing a uniform magnetic field, including a main coil comprising first superconducting coils, and active shield comprising second superconducting coils and arranged in such a manner as to coaxially surround the main coil, and a self-shield comprising magnetic material and arranged in such a manner as to coaxially surround the active shield. The magnetic moment of the active shield is smaller in absolute value than and opposite in direction to the magnetic moment of the main coil.

Abstract: An exercise measuring instrument according to the present invention employs an acceleration sensor which comprises a piezoelectric piece having a pair of piezoelectric elements stuck to each other. An output waveform of the acceleration sensor is supplied to an amplifier, gain of which is changed in accordance with an exercise mode selected out of a walking mode, an exercise-walking mode and a jogging mode, and thereby an output level of the amplifier is kept at somewhat an equal voltage level, although the voltage level of the output waveform of the acceleration sensor is different between the exercise modes. This improvement allows an accurate measurement of exercise.

Abstract: A coil designed for providing a highly uniform magnetic field suitable for use in nuclear magnetic resonance computer-aided tomography is provided with preheating apparatus which uses forced circulation of warmed liquid along the path normally circulated with the cooling liquid whereby there are simulated the normal operating coil heating conditions even when the coil is not operating so that the start-up stabilization time can be shortened.

Abstract: A television video signal A/D converter apparatus in a liquid crystal television receiver has an A/D converter for A/D converting a television video signal. Upper and lower reference potentials for determining an operating voltage amplitude are supplied to the A/D converter from a reference potential generator. The upper and lower reference potentials are divided at a given ratio by a resistor so as to fix an average potential of the television video signal at a constant value using the potential at the dividing point as a bias potential, and thereafter the television video signal is supplied to the A/D converter.