Abstract: An image reading device capable of reading a projected image has a lens array for forming an image from the projected light. Upbeam of the lens array is disposed a diffusion member which diffuses the luminous flux of the projected light. Preferably, a Fresnel lens is disposed to receive the projected light, and the diffusion member is a lower surface of the Fresnel lens which has been subjected to a surface-roughening treatment.

Abstract: A copying apparatus having an optical scanning system includes an upper casing that can be opened and closed and a scanning device on the upper casing for scanning an original. The scanning device includes an abnormality detector for detecting the occurrence of an abnormality during a copy operation. When an abnormality is detected by the detector, the scanning device is moved to a scanning start position.

Abstract: A variable magnification image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, a light source, projecting device for forming and projecting on the photosensitive member an image of the original illuminated by the light source, the projecting device including lens system movable in accordance with a magnification of projection selected, a first limiting member for limiting light rays disposed with a fixed positional relation with respect to the lens system, and a second limiting member for limiting light rays in the lens system, the second limiting member being displaceable in a direction different from a direction of an optical axis of the lens system in accordance with magnification change to change the positional relation with respect to the first limiting member.

Abstract: This specification discloses an image formation apparatus which is provided with an original reading-out scanner for converting an original image into a video signal and in which an original supporting table for supporting an original thereon comprises an input device capable of indicating and inputting any coordinates and the original reading-out scanner is provided in opposed relationship with the original supporting table.

Abstract: A novel information recording device scans and exposes a photosensitive medium for electrophotography by information light by the use of a scanning light forming optical integrated circuit (IOS) including a light deflecting portion and a condensing thin film lens on a thin film waveguide path. The device, as compared with prior art information recording devices using beam spot scanning, is very compact and capable of high-speed recording and can realize a low cost of manufacture.

Abstract: An original reading device has an original table for supporting thereon an original with its surface to be read facing upward, a retention plate for retaining the original, and a scanning head movable along the retention plate in a minor scanning direction. The scanning head contains therein an optical system including a lens, and an image sensing element for scanning the surface to be read of the original in a major scanning direction. The retention plate is vertically movable in accordance with the thickness of the original. The scanning head is vertically movable to maintain the length of the optical path between the surface to be read and the lens constant even if the thickness of the original is large, and the scanning head is provided with a spacer which bears against the retention plate.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for scanning an original in a copying machine or the like is disclosed. In the apparatus, a scanning mirror for scanning the original and a stationary mirror for reflecting an image of the original from the scanning mirror in a direction nearly normal to the scanned surface constitute a first optical path. The stationary mirror and a lens for receiving the reflected light from the stationary mirror and focusing the original image on a photosensitive element constitute a second optical path. During scanning of the original by the scanning mirror, the distance between the scanning mirror and the lens and the distance between the lens and the photosensitive element are kept constant.

Abstract: Apparatus for fixing a toner image on a toner image supporting member in an electrophotographic copying machine is disclosed. The fixing apparatus comprises three rotary rollers which are in contact with each other under the action of pressing means. One of the three rollers has a smaller diameter than the remaining two rollers. In order to press the toner image supporting member uniformly between the two rollers with which the supporting member comes into contact, the two rollers are disposed in such a manner that the roller axes cross one another.

Abstract: A wet developing apparatus of the type which is provided with a rotary member for developing an electrostatic latent image carried on a latent image carrier wherein said member supplies a liquid developer to the carrier and recovers residual liquid developer from the carrier by use of an elastic deformation of the rotary member, which wet developing apparatus is characterized in that the relative position between said rotary member and the latent image carrier is determined so that the width of said rotary member, measured along the axial direction in which said rotary member comes in pressure contact with said latent image carrier, is within the range of from the maximum width of the area in which an electrostatic latent image can be carried by said carrier to the total width of said carrier.

Abstract: Apparatus for fixing toner image on a toner image supporting member in electrophotographic copying machine is disclosed. The fixing apparatus includes three rotary rollers which are in contact with each other under the action of pressing means. One of the three rollers has a smaller diameter than the other two rollers. Two rollers with which the toner image supporting member comes into contact are disposed in such a manner that the axes of the two rollers intersect each other and the portion at which the two rollers contact each other or are closest to each other forms a straight line relative to the direction of roller axis. According to one embodiment of the invention, the remaining one roller with which the supporting member does not contact, is formed as a crown roller, that is, a roller which has its largest diameter at the middle portion of the roller.

Abstract: A fixing device comprises a pair of rollers for heating and pressing a copy medium carrying a toner image thereon, a control gear, a planet gear meshing with the control gear and revolvable about the control gear, means for revolving the planet gear, and means responsive to the revolutional movement of the planet gear to displace the pair of rollers between a first position in which they are in pressure contact with each other and a second position in which they are not in pressure contact with each other.