Abstract: A piston-and-cylinder gas flow calibrator (prover) having piston and cylinder elements with interface surfaces made of glass, quartz, or alumina. The piston and cylinder are made of the same material so as to have the same coefficient of thermal expansion. In one embodiment, the surface of the piston is ground, while the facing surface of the cylinder is unground. Also, disclosed are movement detectors for detecting movement of the piston in the cylinder.

Abstract: A high accuracy flowmeter for testing and calibrating flowmeters and the like, and more particularly a positive displacement flowmeter which may include a cylinder (12), a piston (10) within the cylinder (12) which makes a clearance seal with the inside of the cylinder, an encoder (40) associated with the piston, and a control valve (V) for controlling the supply of a fluid flow (A1) to be measured. The flowmeter may have an arrangement for receiving differently-sized interchangeable modules for measurement of different flow rate ranges, each module having for example a compatible piston and cylinder of a predetermined size. The flowmeter includes a channel for receiving a fluid flow so as to move the piston (10) within its cylinder (12); and a device (36, 38) including the encoder (40) for detecting movement of the piston and generating electrical signals representative of the fluid flow to be measured.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high accuracy flowmeter for testing and calibrating flowmeters and the like, and more particularly to a positive displacement flowmeter which may include a cylinder (12), a piston (10) within the cylinder (12) which makes a clearance seal with the inside of the cylinder, an encoder (40) associated with the piston, and a control valve (V) for controlling the supply of a fluid flow (A1) to be measured. More generally, the flowmeter includes a channel for receiving a fluid flow so as to move the piston (10) within its enclosure (12); and a device (36, 38, 40) for detecting movement of the piston and generating electrical signals representative of the fluid flow to be measured. The movement of the piston is detected as a function of a known volume of the enclosure traversed by the piston, and a measured variable elapsed time over which the piston traverses the volume. Preferably, the flowmeter system includes a damping device (FIGS. 6A-6D) which may be mechanical, pneumatic, or fluidic.

Abstract: A tube magazine for a sampling system has a plurality of sampler tube receiving spaces for receiving sampler tubes. The sampler tubes can be separated from the system as a unit, and transported to another location for analysis. A first part of the system includes a plurality of introducing devices disposed for introducing gaseous fluid into corresponding ones of the sampler tubes; and a second part which forms with the sampler tubes a replaceable magazine which is readily removable from the first part, whereby the corresponding introducing devices and receiving spaces are simultaneously brought into fluid communication when the first and second parts are connected together.

Abstract: A fluid flow control system maintains a constant, controllable, low flow rate through an orifice; intermittently operates a pump at an efficient, relatively high flow rate; and moderates flow between the pump and the orifice. The system is energy efficient and accurate.

Abstract: A fluid sampler in which the flow of the fluid in the fluid processor is maintained constant. The fluid is transmitted by a motor-driven pump. The motor circuit includes feedback means which contains no moving parts and which responds to the loading on the motor for maintaining the flow of fluid constant.

Abstract: A control system for operating a radiant furnace for curing ceramic products, the furnace having a furnace chamber, heating elements for applying radiant energy to the chamber, and movable platform means for supporting the ceramic product to be cured in the chamber. The control system generates a sensor signal responsive to the furnace temperature which is algebraically added to an idle temperature signal, a maximum temperature signal and a ramp signal. The algebraic sum produces an error signal which is applied to a polarity detector for controlling the heating elements in response to a predetermined polarity. The polarity detector is strobed when the sensor signal reaches the maximum temperature signal. Prior to reaching idle temperature the energy to the heating elements is applied in controlled graduated incremental levels. The idle temperature condition is a variable independent of the maximum temperature setting.